Puritans

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THE PURITAN LIFESTYLE -- Puritan Beliefs and Values

1.?/spanPredestination -- all events are known and predetermined by God. God has determined who is to be saved and who is to be condemned.

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.?/spanGod is all-powerful and good, while men and women are sinful and weak.

.?/spanThe Bible is the literal word of God.

4.?/spanYou are saved through the grace of God. You could feel this grace inwardly, and this was demonstrated by your behavior. After you have received grace, you are reborn into the community of saints. People would look inside themselves (self-examination) for signs of this grace; therefore, they would act in a commendable fashion.

5.?/spanPuritans valued education. Publicly supported schools were needed to oppose Satan. Harvard was founded in 166 to train ministers.

6.?/spanPuritans valued plainness in religious worship as well as their writing and lifestyle.

7.?/spanPuritans considered hard work a religious duty.

8.?/spanQualities that resulted in economic success were virtuous self-reliance, thrift, industry, and energy.

.?/spanIn addition to community worship on the Sabbath, family worship was considered important. Every home should be a ?church? with the head of the house the ?minister.??Twice daily the Puritans recommended the family should hear the Word read. Parents must teach their children the Scriptures, and all members of the household must be given time and a place to pray.

10.?/spanThe church was the center of the community and the place where news was received.

11.?/spanThe form of government though technically separated from the church was a theocracy; therefore, there was a blurring of the lines separating church and state. Governments were to enforce obedience to God. Voting was restricted to church members. There was democracy in church rule that led to democracy in town meetings.

1.?/spanPunishable offenses included adultery, fornication, drunkenness, theft, murder, breaches of the Sabbath, blasphemy, gambling, and participation in theatrical performances.

1.?/spanWomen were repressed and disregarded for their intellectual value.

14.?/spanWomen were considered morally weak because Eve was first to sin in the Garden of Eden.

15.?/spanWomen never publicly gave their opinions particularly on religious matters.

16.?/spanOther interesting restrictions on forms of pleasure According to Macaulay? History of England from the Accession of James II, ?It was a sin to hang garlands on a Maypole, to drink to a friend? health, to fly a hawk, hunt a stag, play at chess, to put starch in a ruff...? Many Puritans considered books not of a religious nature a threat.

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M. Butterfly by David Henry Hwang

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M. Butterfly by David Henry Hwang is a parody of Puccini's Madame Butterfly. The play shows the problems of relying on unchallenged stereotypes and cultural misconceptions. David Henry Hwang attacks western stereotypes by refiguring the well-known theme of Madame Butterfly. He tries to break the century-old butterfly myth of Asian submissiveness to western dominance. In his play instead of a submissive Asian women falling for a western man, a western man falls for an Asian woman.

The events in the play are not in chronological order. Being a memory play of Rene Gallimard it takes us back and forth in time from his youth till his death in a prison. This is a story of a man who fall deep into his fantasy love with the image of Oriental woman and was deceived at the end. As Rene Gallimard says at the beginning at the play, "Alone in this cell, I sit night after night, watching our story play through my head, always searching for a new ending, one that redeems my honor, where she returns at last to my arms."

Rene Gallimard, a low ranked French diplomat in China, is seeking the Perfect Woman. Gallimard's vision of woman is based on Western stereotypes. In the western imagination the east is feminine, passive and always victimized. As Song Liling, a Chinese opera singer, says "Its one of your favorite fantasies, isnt it? The submissive Oriental woman and the cruel white man. But because its an Oriental who kills herself for a Westerner--ah!--you find it beautiful."

Song plays on the fact that the western man is attracted to weak Oriental women. Aware of this, Song puts on a performance that attracts Gallimard, and lets him think she is frail and needy of help. Gallimard, after hearing her singing comments "They say in opera the voice is everything. Here...here was a Butterfly with little or no voice but she had the grace, the delicacy...I believed this girl. I believed her suffering. I wanted to take her in my arms so delicate, even I could protect her, take her home, pamper her until she smiled. " Gallimard, in this scene, typifies the Western mentality. He believes that Song wants to be dominated, and wants to be helped.

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Gallimard never had luck with women. He could have married Helga only because nobody else would marry her. This man lives in imaginary world where he created his ideal of a woman. Gallimard says "There is a vision of the Orient I have. Of slender women in chong sams and kimonos who die for the love of unworthy foreign devils. Who are born and raised to be the perfect women. Who take whatever punishment we give them, and bounce back, strengthened by love, unconditionally. It is a vision that has become my life."

Song makes Gallimard think that he is powerfull. However, in reality Song is the one who has the upper hand. She plays on his feelings and desires, and makes him feel as though he is able to control her. In fact, Gallimard may believe he is gaining more power, but Song has plans that will weaken Gallimard. Her plans are easy to realize because Gallimard would never think of Asian woman as capable of inflicting harm to anyone. He says "She is as harmless as a fly." Gallimard is bounded by this stereotypical view of the Orientals.

Real women in this play are different in their roles neutral Helga, straightforward Comrade Chin, and masculine Renee. However, no real woman fits Galimard's ideal. His Perfect Woman is a woman created by a man. Song Liling explains this to Comrade Chin. She says "…only a man knows how a woman is supposed to act." Rene Galimard fell in love with the woman who in reality turned to be a man. "I am a man who loved a woman created by a man. Everything else - simply falls short," he says.

This play was a big surprise for me as well as for many readers, I believe. The question of course was "How is it possible to be in love with a man for twenty years, and believe all the time that he is a woman?" Gallimard, blinded by his fantasies, imagination, racial and gender stereotypes, makes himself believe that Song is a woman. The fact that he had never seen Song naked Gallimard explains this way "I thought she was very modest. I thought it was a Chinese custom." Song masterly uses the stereotype of Oriental love Gallimard has. She tells the reader "…[he]was very responsive to my ancient Oriental ways of love, all of which I invented myself, just for him."

The possibility is that Rene Gallimard did not know that Song is a man because he did not want to know. For twenty years he was in love with an ideal woman of his dreams, and permitted no reality to intervene. He appeals to the reader "Why can't anyone understand?...I once loved and, was loved by, very simply, the Perfect Woman." In the end it is Callimard who is the true M. Butterfly, the victim dying for unrequited love. Very last words in the play that belong to Song Liling are "Butterfly? Butterfly?"

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My Son, Camden

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Thinking of a personal interest that I could write about as well as research some supporting facts on was kind of challenging. It got to the point where I was just scanning the room to find something I knew a little about. I finally realized that my son, Camden, is one of the most interesting things in my life. You see babies all over and you think to yourself, "Oh, how cute, he can wave. He can say da-da." You never understand how they get to that point until you actually have a child of your own.

From the day he was born, and he grabbed the umbilical cord clamps and wouldn't let the nurse have them back, I knew he was going to be a handful. Those first few days were the worst. Trying to get use to the diaper changing and the crying, I thought about putting him back in a couple of times. The most exciting part of it was that I was a daddy. I still get chills every time I think about it. Anyway, so we're getting ready to take him home and I'm trying to figure out the car seat. The first time you go to install one of those things makes you want to throw it on the road and run over it. After about twenty minutes I finally get it in place. I put him in the car seat and then I don't want to drive. I am so scared to drive with him on the freeway that my hands start to sweat on the steering wheel. I think to myself, "Is this how it's going to be from now on? Am I going to be this terrified to do anything with him?"

Oh, was he stubborn? Four days after we brought him home we took him back to the doctor's office because he had only eaten maybe a total of two ounces of breast milk. He was starting to get real yellow and I started to worry that he had some kind of sickness. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends breastfeeding to ensure that your baby is getting the right nutrients. But if you cant, or decide not to breastfeed, then you need to give your baby formula. (Gerber, 00). The doctor said that he was very jaundiced from not getting enough nutrition and that he might not like the texture of a real nipple, or the taste of breast milk. He immediately got some infant formula and would not let us leave until Camden drank at least four ounces. He devoured the bottle in less than five minutes. After that, that's all he would drink.

Then he started to focus on objects and reach out for them. That was the funniest thing in world. I would put a rattle or some kind of a toy in front of him, and he would concentrate so hard that his eyes would go crossed-eyed. I use to bring all my friends over just to show them. He had this bouncer seat that had one of those arch deals on it with toys hanging down from it. He would stare at those toys all day long. I thought he was going to be the easiest baby in the world. Boy was I wrong. The bouncer seat also had lights and music and buttons inside the foot end of the seat that would make the lights and music come on when he kicked his feet. That thing got old in about ten minutes. But he loved to hear that music and watch those lights go back and forth so much, that I just fell in love watching him enjoy that noisy contraption. What I thought about most of all was how careless he was. Babies could be entertained by the dullest of things and not care about anything else going on. Sometimes I wish I could just go back to being a child and not have to worry about life and the real world.

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Now he's at that stage where you can't look the other way for more than two seconds or he'll be gone. You need to be more vigilant, however, when your child turns into a rolling, scooting, crawling, toddling adventurer. Youll need to know about safe movement, burns, choking, sleep safety, water safety and poisons. (Givens, S. R., 001). The minute I saw him going for the kitchen cupboards, I knew it was time to go shopping. I went and bought those cabinet hooks and power outlet covers and installed them all throughout the house. He's starting to learn that the power outlets are dangerous. Every time he goes to pull off the cover we tell him, "No, Camden. That's owey". He then turns the other direction and tries to find something else he can get into. He's pretty brave when it comes falling as well. He just started climbing up on to the couch and then pretty much diving off head first. He puts his hands out and kind of falls to the side, but I still cringe every time I see him do that.

He's a little handful, but I wouldn't trade him for the world. Everyday I can't wait to get home from work to see what knew thing he's learned, or what entertainment he'll provide for me that evening. To me parenting is the most interesting thing anyone will ever experience in their life, and I can't wait to see what joys and adventures parenting will throw at me next.

Gerber (00). Your newborn's development [Online]. Available http//www.gerber.

com/phase/devcontent?phase=5

Givens, S. R. (001, November 1). Safety around the house [Online]. Available

http//www.lamaze.com/baby/safety/articles/0,,167861_804,00.html

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Time Management

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I.Skit depicting busy office environment - all team members participate

II. Slide #1 Harried man

•Do you ever feel like this???

•How many times have we wished for more hours in a day? How many times have we kept people waiting, fell behind in assignments or just didnt have the time to smell the roses?

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Group Question/Flip Chart Responses

III.Group Participation - Self Assessment - give HO #1

Self Assessment to group - 5 mins to complete

Slide #

IV. Lets assess these sheets.

•Count Ls/Rs

•How many are predominantly left?

•How many are predominantly right?

•How many are equally left & right?

•So what does all of this mean?

YOUR BRAIN

YOU NEED TO KNOW HOW YOU THINK!

•Based on your self assessment exercise, you know from which side of the brain you predominantly think.

•Slide #/HO # (discuss) - Lets take a look at what functions are controlled by the different sides of the brain

•Slide #4/HO # (discuss) - If you are left brain dominant, you are a Convergent Thinker; If you are right brain dominant, you are a Divergent Thinker

•(Refer to Slide #) So what does all this mean? What difference does it make which side of the brain we think from and what does this have to do with time management?

Slide #5

•Based on this, we can tie this information back to what we recently discussed in class regarding the various styles A,B,C,D and how they function and process ideas.

V. Time Management is not a new concept. It has been around as long as time itself. On our flip chart, we outlined what techniques have worked for you and what have not. They are all good ideas -- even the ones that may not have worked. The timing may not have been right. There is only one sure fact that we all need to remember and that is there are only 4 hours in a day.

Slide #6

•The problem is not how much time you have, but how you use it. Time is a limited resource; its effective use

requires a systematic approach.

Slide #7

•We cannot add time to our 4-hour day, so maybe what we need to do is be smarter in how we utilize those 4 hours.

Slide #8

•How many of us feel we are efficient and effective?

Group Exercise - Being Efficient vs. Being Effective - throw money as problem is being presented; divide group into two teams - allow groups - minutes and ask to report out

Organization is vital to good time management. Once you accept that being better organized really is in your best interest and will help you manage your time more successfully, there are things you can do to help you attain the level of organization which is right for you.

•One of the best ways to get organized is to create a to-do list. For many of us, these daily to-do lists help us to get more accomplished and to set our priorities by using something as complex as the Franklin Covey Planner and yet others will simply use a little handwritten list.

•What is it about checking something off of our list that makes us feel good? By checking items off of our list, or crossing them off, your body gives off a chemical called endorphins which makes you feel good. Its like a runners high. Not only that, but you have a visual of your accomplishments, which is very important ... especially for those Style A & B people or Convergent Thinkers.

HO #4 - Time Management Tips

Time Management

ToolsTraditional

Left/ConvergentAlternative

Right/Divergent

To Do List•List What should be done

•List everything

•Complete each item

•Complete in order, or mostly in order

•Work only.

•Check each item as you complete it•Put each item on a post-it note.

•Move items around list as needed or even to next day if not completed.

•List rewards next to each item.

•Only list what you can reasonably do before lunch.

•Have an other list of things that you can do, but only if you finish master list first.

Prioritizing•Rank order your To Do List by priority 1,,,4 or A,B,C,D

•Do most important first

•Dont go to next until first is finished•Need to have a system that allows you to see all tasks in relation to one another. Use post-it notes, index cards, etc., that you can shuffle around to create priority list.

Scheduling•Purchase a calendar, Day timer or computer program to help schedule your day

•Place each item from your To Do list on your calendar and schedule time for each item•Buy a calendar that suits your needs/interests.

•Be visual in your scheduling. Use different colors, different size/style writing, stickers, symbols, highlight information with different color markers.

•Use post-it notes to move items around on your schedule.

Following the plan•Just do it•Keep your schedule in plain sight!

HO #5 - Websites for Time Management Tips

Slide #

VI.Slide #10 - Final thought from Margot Fonteyn, who probably was a divergent thinker ...

Life forms illogical patterns. It is haphazard and full of beauties

which I try to catch as they fly by, for who knows whether any of them will ever return

Margot Fonteyn

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Happy

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Happy Families - a humorous look at American family life

Welcome to a light-hearted look at American family life where you can share your funny stories and family photos

with other Americans everywhere. Spread happiness! Youll discover lots of friendly interactive avenues to explore

and just click on our banner ads and links pages to find advice or see some useful products you can buy online.

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Relax, take your time, be happy, and enjoy!

A Light-Hearted Look At American Family Life

Family Home Pages , Free e-Cards, Quick Recipes,

Spouse Stories, Those Darned Kids,

Weird Relatives, Pet Tails, Vacations From Hell,

Family Features, Lost Relatives, Awards & Reviews,

Family-Related Links, Home Page, Contact Page

September 11, 001

IN MEMORIAM

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SPECIAL EVENTS

Older children are usually so busy and have so many different interests that it can often be difficult for parents and other relatives to keep up with them. Graduation ceremonies offer opportunities to show them how much we love them and how proud we are of their personal achievements.

Sometimes its a parents achievement that their kids can take pride in. See more about Misty & Deck, pictured with Colonel Day at Air Command & Staff College Graduation, on our Family Home Pages.

If you want to share a special occasion in your family, or tell us about yourself, or recommend a family website, or let us know of a new event, or add a free link to your own family website, or send out your own personal greeting to the rest of the world, just click on Contact Page right now and communicate. Wed love to hear from you!

BRITNEY SPEARS

Everyone has seen & heard the hype that Britney Spears has got a new sexier image.

Which image do you think is sexier? This year, last year, or the year before? Vote Here ....

WEDDINGS

Everyone loves a wedding! Dont keep your favorite family photos to yourselves. Share them with the world, like Ben and Tammy Udkow. Find out more about their wedding on our Family Home Pages.

ACTIVITIES & HOBBIES

How do you like to spend your free time? The variety of different activities & hobbies that American families cram into their busy lives is truly amazing! See on our Family Home Pages how the enterprising Gussenhoven family combines fishing and motocross and photography!

The American way of life is the best in the world. Wherever you live in the US, our Family Home Pages will help to spread the word. Use the Contact Page to include your family home page or a link to your family business website.

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Macbeth

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English

Macbeth

The play Macbeth takes place in the overcast country of Scotland. This

layer of fog never seems to ever leave the country or its surrounding Help with essay on Macbethhorizon. The green country side has many hills but barely any trees. The

hills throughout the country side girdle the green valleys any way you look.

From one end of Scotland to the other many little lakes and ponds rest

upon the land in the humid atmosphere. The unruffled sand that lies by

these lakes and ponds speculate an appealing image of a quiet unruffled body

of water. All through the land there are a few slender dirt path ways that

men use to ride there horses on their ways to another city or just to go

hunting. In addition, atop the land and in the hills are many large

boulders that give the dull setting an even blunter look.

The castles displayed in this play are made of huge grey stone that range

in sizes, depending on their location in the castle. The big stoned grey

castle was on a large hill and was hard to get to. There was a tower at

each corner of the castle, with cone shaped brown wooden roofs. At the

entrance of the castle there was a massive portcullis that was made of iron.

There were many designs made out of the black iron, and the portcullis was

opened by pulling down a lever that pulled it up. Directly behind the

portcullis was a huge wooden door that has many colorful decorations on it.

This was opened by pulling the sliding doors back. The stone around the

entrance way was small pieces of grey stone that was set in a repetitive

pattern. On either side of the entrance way was big stone walls that piled

up a lot higher than the portcullis. As you walk into the castle there is a

big empty square that is enclosed by the four outer parts of the castle. In

the castle square there are many wagons filled with wood, animals, servants,

carriages, and other castle items. There are many entrances to the castle

from the castle square. The entrance to where the king goes has a ramp with

a wooden railing, and grey stone steps that get smaller as they go up. The

stairs and ramp lead to a archway with heavy lip grey rock. The archway

leads into the castle, and the ceiling appears to be decorated in

astonishing white marble, cut into smaller pieces to form designs. The main

entrance arch is enormous compared to the king’s archway, with huge grey

stones that are about two meters long and a half meter thick. A successive

wooden balcony surrounds the inside square walls with blue banners hanging

over the wooden railing. This balcony is what connects the rooms, and

people can access each room connected by the balcony. In the dining room,

long wooden tables were set up so the king was at the head of the table and

the other noble men along side the other tables. A big clean white table

cloth lies upon each table with a great amount of food atop of it. Banners

hang from the grey stone walls of the dining hall.

The witches cave is very secretive and mysterious. As you walk into the

cave it is poorly lit, and is very dark. A big chamber pot lies in the

middle of the cave where the witches usually stand making magical potions.

A vast quantity of smoke is real eased from the pot and is carried thought

the whole cave. In addition, a slight green light is given off from the

potions and reflects off the smoke giving the cave and eerie look. The

witches cave and all other settings in the play Macbeth give the play its

own unique environment.

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Why papers suck

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The ways in which a society organises itself are often centred around one anthropological theory which forms a basis for all that is done within that society, e.g. rituals, ceremonies etc.. This essay will examine one anthropological theory; functionalism, and the way in which it has influenced and shaped the culture and society of the Trobrianders of Papa New Guinea, the people on whom the anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski wrote an ethnography.

The theory of functionalism is the idea that all features of a culture, such as roles, norms, institutions etc., have a positive and vital function, and are performed in order to fulfil all the needs of the individuals within that society. Malinowski lived with the Trobrianders for a total period of 6 months between 114 and 118, and by living in a tent among the people, learning to speak the language quickly, participating as much as possible with the different members of society, observing the activities that occurred around him and by learning about the beliefs and customs of the community (this process of long-term, intense interaction with society is known as Participant Observation), he came to the conclusion that the theory that formed the basis for all that was done within the society was functionalism.

The process of participant observation was what provided Malinowski with great and detailed insight on the reasons for which the Trobrianders behaved as they did, and was what enabled him to write an ethnography on them. Malinowski realised that the Trobrianders had a different way of looking at life than he did, and believed that, as an insiderí, he could learn more about what the behaviour meant to the people themselves, and that he could able to gain the trust and respect of the people by becoming less of a stranger and allowing them to feel more relaxed and confident about talking to and confiding in him.

Soon after he began living with the Trobrianders in 114, Malinowski began to notice that many of the rituals, customs, ideas etc. of the members of the community all served to fulfil their biological and psychological needs, as well as any other needs that they had. After learning more about the culture, he also began to observe that many rituals which at first seemed time-consuming and pointless, were also done for this purpose.

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One of these rituals was the kula ringí, a recurrent exchange of valuable gifts between the different people of the various Trobriand islands chain. This ritual involved members of the society making dangerous voyages across the seas in canoes in order to frequently exchange these gifts. Although from an outsiderís point of view this process would have seemed pointless, Malinowski learned that it did fit into the idea of functionalism as this ritual was considered very important, worthwhile and sacred because it fulfilled the islandersí social and psychological needs- it allowed them to feel a sense of power and prestige.

There were many rituals that were performed before the canoes left the islands, and these also served to control various emotions and psychological needs, such as anxiety, which the islanders faced before setting off on such journeys. As the Trobrianders were relatively behind the Western World in terms of technology, rituals such as the ones performed before the kula served to bring about a sense of security and power, thus helping to overcome feelings of powerlessness and tension.

Another example of functionalism in this society was the tradition that involved the chief of the Trobrianders receiving very large amounts of foods and other tribute from the villagers who lived in the area under his reign. The chief was also the sub-owner of many of the agricultural foodstuffs that these villagers owned, and claimed many supplies of these which he was obliged, by custom, to re-distribute at a later stage in the form of payments for various public services performed by the villagers at his command. This meant that the villagers were in fact consuming the products of their own labour, except this was done after the wealth went through the chief and thus emphasised and reinforced his control and made his wealth an instrument of political power in their society.

Although there were hundreds more rituals, customs, rules etc. that could have demonstrated the application of functionalism to this particular society, the few traditions examined in this essay illustrate the complexity of what would, from an outsiderís point of view, have seemed so backward and perhaps even pointless. Virtually everything involved in the Trobrianderís culture and behaviour is related to the basic idea that everything done within that society should serve a purpose. What can be concluded from this essay is that cultures such as that of the Trobrianders consist of different elements which either work independently or fit together to form a sort of system. This system is what keeps the society together, and is what allows it to maintain long-term survival for its members by providing it with its demands.

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