Comparing the Effects of Pain Coping Interventions on Functioning and Quality of Life: A Quasi-Experiment

If you order your essay from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Comparing the Effects of Pain Coping Interventions on Functioning and Quality of Life: A Quasi-Experiment. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Comparing the Effects of Pain Coping Interventions on Functioning and Quality of Life: A Quasi-Experiment paper right on time.

Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Comparing the Effects of Pain Coping Interventions on Functioning and Quality of Life: A Quasi-Experiment, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Comparing the Effects of Pain Coping Interventions on Functioning and Quality of Life: A Quasi-Experiment paper at affordable prices !

Comparing the Effects of Pain Coping Interventions on Functioning and Quality of Life

A Quasi-Experiment

Abstract

Objective To determine the extent to which an intervention aimed at increasing client participation in their own care (?) improves outcomes in the treatment of recalcitrant chronic pain.

Order College Papers on Comparing the Effects of Pain Coping Interventions on Functioning and Quality of Life: A Quasi-Experiment

Participants Participants have experienced a variety of other treatments without success. They are referred by physicians to the "experimental" arm (Arm I), which is funded by public insurers; or to the "control arm (Arm II), which is not. Treatment is cognitive-behavioural therapy (?) in both arms; but Arm I also involves ….. (?)

Methodology Quasi-experimental design, pre-and-post study. Referrers are blinded as to differences in intervention style. Data collection is at enrolment, at discharge, and 6 months post-discharge. Data are entered into SPSS and compared using Student=s t-test or repeated measures ANOVA as appropriate. Variables include demographics, health status (SF-1), depression level (CES-D), a variety of pain management scales, employment status.

Outcome Measures Changes in health status, in limitations and level of activity, as indicated by the short for of the Medical Outcomes Survey (SF-1). Changes in use of pain relief techniques, as indicated by the Pain Relief Log (PRL). Degree of disability, as indicated by the Pain Disability Index b(PDI). Health services utilization. All data are collected at enrolment, discharge, and 6 months post-discharge

Results N=6; 58% male; mean age 46.1. By follow-up, there was a trend toward decreased use of emergency rooms for pain management (NS) in both arms. PDI declined from 4.7 to 6. in Arm I, and from 45.8 to 44.1 in Arm II. PRL declined from 16 to 11 in Arm I, and increased from 1 to 16 in Arm II; similarly, mental component scale scores from the SF-1 improved from 0.1 to 6.4 in Arm I and declined from 8.4 to .5 in Arm II. The Sf-1's physical component scale scores improved from 8.5 to 5.0 in Arm I and from 8.5 to 1.4 in Arm II.

Conclusion These results indicate that, even though clients= pain levels do not change, their abilities to function improve more substantially in the "experimental" arm. Thus, the intervention appears to produce the desired outcomes, and may merit further study.

Please note that this sample paper on Comparing the Effects of Pain Coping Interventions on Functioning and Quality of Life: A Quasi-Experiment is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Comparing the Effects of Pain Coping Interventions on Functioning and Quality of Life: A Quasi-Experiment, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Comparing the Effects of Pain Coping Interventions on Functioning and Quality of Life: A Quasi-Experiment will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Unnecessary Ob-Gyn Procedures

If you order your cheap essays from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Unnecessary Ob-Gyn Procedures. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Unnecessary Ob-Gyn Procedures paper right on time.

Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Unnecessary Ob-Gyn Procedures, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Unnecessary Ob-Gyn Procedures paper at affordable prices !

Reprint of Article seen on

HealthNewsDigest.com

NEW BOOK EXPOSES PROBLEM OF UNNECESSARY

Cheap University Papers on Unnecessary Ob-Gyn Procedures

OB-GYN PROCEDURES

When a physician discovers pre-cancerous or dysplastic cells in a female

patient, the immediate recommendation is often invasive and sometimes

aggressive; the better-safe-than-sorry philosophy usually secures patient

agreement. But, according to the author of the new book Dysplasia, women

would be wise to think twice before conceding to the wisdom of their

OB-GYN.

The discovery of gynecological, pre-cancerous conditions in women prompts

understandable fear, says Brad Lewis, author of Dysplasia. The result can

be costly, unnecessary procedures completed by overly-aggressive

physicians.

Lewis claims a financial incentive drives doctors to recommend procedures

to resolve conditions which often pose no immediate health threat, and

which may be mitigated naturally or via less intrusive means. OB-GYN

physicians, faced with extensive overhead and investments in costly medical

equipment, hastily recommend procedures which appease the emotions of the

patient, but which can be medically unnecessary.

Dysplasia, a medical thriller, provides an in-depth look at the

inner-workings of a renowned OB-GYN practice, and probes sensitive medical

issues including the unethical and unsavory practices of some physicians.

Lewis, who relied on his own medical training and extensive research for

Dysplasia, hopes his entertaining novel will also serve as a real-life

wake-up call to women.

Dysplasia is reality-based fiction, he notes. Important information can

sometimes best be relayed and accepted when it is presented in a

non-threatening manner.

The bottom line Women need to be aware of aggressive male doctors whose

recommendations should not be taken as gospel, adds Lewis.

There are various types of pre-cancerous conditions; patient education and

second opinions can prevent the stress, discomfort and danger of

unnecessary procedures. The best and simplest approach between patient and

doctor is for the patient to be advised of exactly what the doctor knows,

and then let the patient decide whats next. There are tremendous

variations in what is considered normal vs. atypical. Dont jump to surgery

until you and your doctor are sure.

Please note that this sample paper on Unnecessary Ob-Gyn Procedures is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Unnecessary Ob-Gyn Procedures, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom research papers on Unnecessary Ob-Gyn Procedures will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment from and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Jesus and Contemporary Christology

If you order your cheap custom essays from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Jesus and Contemporary Christology. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Jesus and Contemporary Christology paper right on time.

Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Jesus and Contemporary Christology, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Jesus and Contemporary Christology paper at affordable prices !

For many Christians, the concept of social justice is linked to Christology in that if detached from its origins it becomes merely a human endeavour. Many of the principles of contemporary Social Justice movements are inextricably linked to Christianity by way of Jesus and his message.

The Salvation Army is a Christian organisation that aims to help the poor in our society, those who cannot help themselves. Their official position on social justice is that Jesus Christ is the answer to humanities deepest need, and that Christians should apply his teachings of love and compassion to all human beings, especially those in need.

Caritas is a Catholic social Justice organisation which utilises the message of Jesus in terms of its' Social Justice mission. The Caritas slogan Compassion in Action, clearly shows the link between the organisation and the principle teachings of Jesus, namely Compassion, as does their vision statement, which includes the bible quotation

The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he has anointed me to bring good news to the poor.

Cheap College Papers on Jesus and Contemporary Christology

He has sent me to proclaim release to the captives and recovery of sight to the blind,

To let the oppressed go free, to proclaim the year of the Lords favour."

(Luke 4 16-1)

These organisations along with many other social justice movements aim to practise compassion and perpetuate equality regardless of social stigma, and it is this endeavour that they are inextricably linked to the teachings of Jesus, but is it Jesus the Christ of Faith or the Jesus of History which inspire these movements?

Jesus in his time, the Jesus of History, was a Jew who lived in First Century Jewish Palestine, which was ruled indirectly by the Roman empire. To Judea in the South, a circle of religious Jewish aristocratic elites collaborated with the Romans, while Rome ruled in the North, Galilee, through Herod Antipas, son of Herod the Great.

There were three main societal systems in this era, the hierarchical system, the peasant and the purity system. The hierarchical system was characterised by the dominance of males in society. The purity system was instituted by the temple leaders and excluded portions of society, including the poor and women, due to 'ritual uncleanliness'. The table on the overhead shows the characteristics of the purity system. The purity system created deep inequalities within Jesus' society, inequalities which he sought to eradicate. The third system of the society was the peasant system, which created a wide gulf between the rich and the poor, the worthy and the unworthy. Although there were three social systems in Jesus' time, the most socially unjust was the purity system, and it is this system which I will discuss in terms Jesus and Social Justice.

The main message Jesus was preaching was that of compassion and love to all humans, which is basically summed up in John 1 4-5 where Jesus says;

"I now give you a new commandment Love on another just as I have loved you, so you must love on another."

This main ideal of compassion and love meant, in the context of Jesus' message, that these principles should be practised in spite of the social stigmas, such as the purity system, which might have prevented the practise of compassion and love.

This idea of "compassion in action" is shown throughout the gospels, both in parables and Jesus' actions, but it is most clearly defined in these three examples; the good Samaritan parable, the story of the menstruating woman and the examples of Jesus healing the 'impure'.

The good Samaritan parable was when a traveller lay injured on the road, left for dead by many , including Jewish religious leaders, until a Samaritan traveller helped him and payed for him to stay at an inn, or hostel. On the surface this story appears to be about compassion and love to strangers, which it is, but it also has a deeper two-fold message. Under the purity system, both Samaritans and corpses were considered to be 'impure'. The first message of the parable criticises the Jewish leaders and people who did not help the injured traveller, who looked like a corpse, hence advocating compassion over social structures such as the purity system. By showing the Samaritan acting compassionately, the parable is directly criticizing the purity system as under the purity system Samaritans were considered to be unclean, and hence second rate citizens.

The story of the menstruating woman again shows Jesus' advocacy of compassion over purity. The story says that a woman who had been bleeding for 1 years secretly touched Jesus in a crowd to be healed. When Jesus noticed this he addressed the woman and healed her directly. To understand the significance of this action, it must be understood that blood and bleeding women were considered ritually unclean. Upon discovering himself touched by an impure person, Jesus should have, according to his society, gone to a cleansing bath and ritually cleansed himself. By not doing this, and healing the woman from her affliction, Jesus is clearly advocating compassion over social conventions, such as the purity system.

At the time of Jesus, all the maimed ill and diseased were considered to be ritually impure. As well as suffering their afflictions, these people suffered from the social stigma of 'impurity' which excluded them from many aspects of daily life, including religious life. Jesus in his life absolved these people from impurity by healing them, which is accounted in such gospel passages as Luke, which says

"As the sun was setting, all those who had people sick with various diseases brought them to him. He would lay his hands on each one of them and cure them."

By healing outside of the purity system and touching and associating with the impure, Jesus was challenging the purity system which said that ritual purity was a matter of observing ritual, one of the core pillars of strength of the temple, and again advocating compassion and love over ritual purity.

It is clear that the strong link between the social justice movements of today and the message of the Jesus of History is the core value of promoting and practising compassion and care to all humans despite social convention regarding the marginalised portions of society, although there is a link also to the Christ of Faith. The Christ of Faith is based on the idea that Jesus is the son of God, and hence his action reflecting the word of God. The Christ of Faith perpetuates the same ideas as the Jesus of History, but with an added authority derived from his divine origins; he is considered to be the Son of God rather than a normal human being. The fact that the religious church is based on the Christ of Faith also means that it is the Christ of Faith who has perpetuated these teachings of equality and justice through history. Pope John Paul the II has also stated in his encyclical, Redemptor Hominis that Jesus Christ, through the Incarnation, "…in a certain way united himself with each man," hence imbuing every human being with a deep personal dignity, which is one of the key principles of Social Justice.

It is clear that Jesus offers all looking for purpose and meaning in life an authentic spiritual experience. Jesus offers insight into universals principles of compassion and love in terms of the personal sphere in that he preached that all should practise compassion and love to their fellow humans. This offers a path more spiritually fulfilling that the 'me centred' one that many choose to take in this modern society. He also offers a deeper meaning to life in his call for society to rebel against the societal norms that may be causes of injustice and inequality.

Please note that this sample paper on Jesus and Contemporary Christology is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Jesus and Contemporary Christology, we are here to assist you. Your cheap research papers on Jesus and Contemporary Christology will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment from and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Operating systems

If you order your term papers from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on operating systems. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality operating systems paper right on time.

Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in operating systems, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your operating systems paper at affordable prices !

Main developments in operating systems

An operating system (sometimes abbreviated as OS) is the program that, after being initially loaded into the computer by a boot program, manages all the other programs in a computer. The other programs are called applications or application programs. The application programs make use of the operating system by making requests for services through a defined application program interface (API). In addition, users can interact directly with the operating system through a user interface such as a command language or a graphical user interface (GUI).

A GUI (usually pronounced GOO-ee) is a graphical (rather than purely textual) user interface to a computer. As you read this, you are looking at the GUI or graphical user interface of your particular Web browser. The term came into existence because the first interactive user interfaces to computers were not graphical; they were text-and-keyboard oriented and usually consisted of commands you had to remember and computer responses that were infamously brief. The command interface of the DOS operating system (which you can still get to from your Windows operating system) is an example of the typical user-computer interface before GUIs arrived. An intermediate step in user interfaces between the command line interface and the GUI was the non-graphical menu-based interface, which let you interact by using a mouse rather than by having to type in keyboard commands.

MS-DOS

Do my essay on operating systems CHEAP !

MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System) was the Microsoft-marketed version of the first widely installed operating system in personal computers. Most users of either DOS system simply referred to their system as Disk Operating System. Like PC-DOS, MS-DOS was (and still is) a non-graphical line-oriented command-driven operating system, with a relatively simple interface but not overly friendly user interface. Its prompt to enter a command looks like this

C

The first Microsoft Windows operating system was really an application that ran on top of the MS-DOS operating system. Today, Windows operating systems continue to support DOS (or a DOS-like user interface) for special purposes by emulating the operating system.

WINDOWS X

The windows x systems are all the windows, which begin with . E.g. Windows 5 etc.

Windows 8

Windows 8 (called Memphis during development and previously called Windows 7 based on an earlier schedule) is a widely installed product in Microsofts evolution of the Windows operating system for personal computers. Windows 8 expresses Microsofts belief that users want and should have a global view of their potential resources and that Web technology should be an important part of the user interface. Although building Microsofts own Web browser into the user desktop has been an issue in the U.S. Justice Departments suit, Windows 8 was released as planned with its tightly integrated browser.

In Windows 8, Microsofts Internet Explorer is an integral part of the operating system. Using the Active Desktop of Windows 8, you can view and access desktop objects that reside on the World Wide Web as well as local files and applications. The Windows 8 desktop is, in fact, a Web page with HTML links and features that exploit Microsofts ActiveX control.

With Windows 8 (or with Internet Explorer 4.0 in Windows 5), you can set up news and other content to be push technology to you from specified Web sites.

Windows 000

Previously called Windows NT 5.0, Microsoft emphasizes that Windows 000 is evolutionary and Built on NT Technology. Windows 000 is designed to appeal to small business and professional users as well as to the more technical and larger business market for which the NT was designed.

The Windows 000 product line consists of

·Windows 000 Professional, aimed at individuals and businesses of all sizes. It includes security and mobile use enhancements. It is the most economical choice.

·Windows 000 Server, aimed at small-to-medium size businesses. It can function as a Web server and/or a workgroup (or branch office) server. It can be part of a two-way symmetric multiprocessing system. NT 4.0 servers can be upgraded to this server.

·Windows 000 Advanced Server, aimed at being a network operating system server and/or an application server, including those involving large databases. This server facilitates clustering and load balancing. NT 4.0 servers with up to eight-way SMP can upgrade to this product.

Windows XP

Windows XP is the latest version of the Windows desktop operating system for the PC. Microsoft and trade publication writers view Windows XP as the most important version of Windows since Windows 5. Windows XP is built on the Windows 000 kernel but brings a new, more personalized look to the desktop that will also make it easier for users to scan or import images and to acquire music files on the Web and transfer them to portable devices. The new Windows allows different family members to use their own desktop and personal sets of files. In addition to the My Computer and My Documents views provided in Windows 000, Windows XP users see My Music and My Pictures. The Start Menu has been redesigned to make the most-used programs easiest to find. Windows XP comes in a Professional version and a Home Edition version.

There have been other developments in operating systems. A lot of developments have been made to virtual memory management, synchronization and communication, file systems, protection and security, operating system structure and extension techniques.

In a virtual memory (VM) system, the program code deals with virtual addresses. Upon use, the virtual address is translated by the MMU (main memory unit) to obtain a physical address that is used to access physical memory.

Some operating systems can simulate having more memory than is available as main memory, by storing part of the data in backing store, typically on disk. If the page referenced by the virtual address is not currently in main memory, a page fault occurs, triggering an operating system handler that swaps in the page. Some other page might be swapped out to make room.

Each process typically has its own separate virtual address space with its own mappings and protections.

Example of the relationship between the virtual address spaces of two processes, are physical memory, and backing store.

Main purposes of an operating system

There are many purposes for operating systems. I think the three main purposes are as follows

1.To provide a convenient environment for users to execute programs on computer hardware.

.To allocate, fairly and efficiently, the computer resources needed to execute the program safely (without adversely affecting other users or the OS itself).

.To provide a foundation for evolution to future services, while still supporting existing services.

Main types of operating systems

Operating systems is essentially the body of the computer. Every general-purpose computer requires some type of operating system that tells the computer how to operate and how to utilize other software and or hardware that are installed onto the computer. Operating systems can be classified as follows

GUI - Graphical User Interface operating systems are operating systems that have the capability of using a mouse and are graphical. Operating systems that would fall into this category are

1.Windows 5

.Windows 8

.Windows ME

4.Windows NT 4.0

5.Windows 000

6.Windows XP

Windows 000 requirements

Minimum Requirements

Computer/Processor1 MHz or higher Pentium-compatible CPU.

MemoryAt least 18 megabytes (MB) of RAM. 56 MB recommended. 4 gigabytes (GB) maximum.

Hard Disk GB with 1 GB free space. Additional free hard disk space is required if you are installing over a network.

CPU SupportWindows 000 Server supports up to four CPUs on one machine.

DriveCD-ROM or DVD drives.

DisplayVGA or higher resolution monitor.

KeyboardRequired.

Please note that this sample paper on operating systems is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on operating systems, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college papers on operating systems will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment from and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Philosophy paper on Free Will

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Philosophy paper on Free Will. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Philosophy paper on Free Will paper right on time.

Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Philosophy paper on Free Will, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Philosophy paper on Free Will paper at affordable prices !

Phil Paper

In the City of God, Augustine attempts to reconcile the ideas of a man; he respects very much, Plato, and his faith in the Bible and the word of God. Also, in On Free Choice of the Will Augustine has a series of conversations, which help him explain his ideas on the type of person that he believes God to be. He actually believes that Plato is a great man and he is in awe with the amount of work that came from him that seem to match the teachings of the scriptures. But while Plato does have a lot of ideas that are easily combined with the Bible he also has some that could make it hard for Augustine to use his ideas with his Christian thought. Because Plato is not really a Christian he has some ideas that Augustine finds unsettling and tries hard to reconcile with his own thought.

In On Free Choice of the Will Book I Augustine is having a conversation with Evodius about the virtues that people acquire (or should want to acquire) that make them better people. People better able to understand God. Augustine is trying to explain to Evodius the idea of good will. He believes that good will is the desire that a man should have, will to live upright and honorable lives. (On Free Choice of the Will Book II, p0-1) It is not enough that a man has will it must be good. Because will in and of itself is not good. He develops this idea from the idea of the four cardinal virtues. The four virtues are prudence, temperance, fortitude and justice. They are all virtues that are found in the Bible. It is said that every man should strive to have these characteristics within him. Augustine believes that these virtues are the building blocks of a man's character and these are the ideas that can bring one happiness. He believes that great wealth, goods, or reputation wont bring these things. The four cardinal virtues that Augustine holds up with such great esteem were actually the same virtues that Plato had come up with himself. Plato had this philosophy on these traits that a man should strive to acquire a hundred years before the bible was even ever written. Augustine believes that the will is inherently good because God gives it to us and since god is inherently and completely good our will could be nothing less than that.

The main point of Book II deals with Augustine discussing his proofs that there is a god. Augustine has many ideas that he feels help him make his point. The significance of Augustine proving God's existence is that it makes him have to integrate the ideas of metaphysics, and metaphysics is largely a neo-platonic idea. (Dr. Hunt lecture, /7) By being able, to do this Augustine will be able to take the ideas of Plato and the ideas he has about God and Christianity and make them all work with one another.

Three ideas that Augustine has though that help him come to terms with his beliefs are based largely upon the thought that everyone will have the same starting point of the picture of reality. Augustine does look at the world like a Christian and that is a very different mind frame from other philosophers, even Plato himself. In the City of God, Augustine explains that Plato divided philosophy into three distinct parts; moral, natural, and rational. Moral philosophy pertains to action; natural philosophy's purpose is contemplation; and rational philosophy discerns between truth and error. By breaking up philosophy in this manner Augustine believes these ideas allow for certain truths to be known about God in Him is to be found the cause of all being, the reason of all thinking, the rule of all living. (City of God, p117) The first truth is natural, the second rational, and the third is moral. While it is not for sure, whether or not that Plato purposely divided these ideas up this way to help people better understand the idea of good, it helped Augustine and he feels that it also served to help disciples of Plato better understand the nature of God.

In Book III Augustine struggles with the notion, that divine knowledge conflicts with free will. God is suppose to be all knowing and if he can already know what will happen then how can we have the freedom to actually make decisions. Augustine believes in the Principle of Alternate Possibilities, which is to say that a person acts freely in a way that is required of moral responsibility, only if they could have acted otherwise. (Dr. Hunt, /7) Augustine believes that a good deed would not really be so great if people had no other choice but to act moral. If the actions are forced from us, we are not then free. The problem with free will, according to Augustine, is that people abuse the free will they have. Because they are allowed the option to good or bad people will chose to do wrong even thought they know they shouldn't do so.

An issue that Plato has is the idea that if God is good then how can there be evil and why would he allow it to occur. Augustine has rationalized these ideas to himself and doesn't believe that there is anything evil about God because people do bad things. Augustine believes that God is omnipotent, omniscient, and perfectly good. Unfortunately these ideas are what make for more of a problem and I don't Augustine really helped clear anything up with that idea. It makes it harder for people to understand why people can do bad things and bad things happen if God is all of these good things. He even says that if he uses his will to do something evil then he has no one to blame but himself. Because a good god made him he can do nothing but live through his will. (On Free Choice of the Will, p7)

It seems that Augustine is sometimes annoyed that Plato does not seem to be taking a strong enough stance or seems conflicted on certain ideas about God. For example, Augustine points out that while Plato does believe in true religion he seems torn on the idea of monotheism and polytheism in relation to beatitude after death Of course this idea would be hard for Augustine to work around because as a Christian there are not a lot of ideas about the afterlife that Augustine could have. It bothers Augustine that his views on important issues don't seem to be clearly made.

Augustine is also conflicted about Plato's idea of the world soul and that human souls are made from the same things as the earth; fire, water, earth, and air. Augustine believes man's rational soul can not be material. He reasons that since the body, which is seen and judged in the mind of a thinking person, is not material. (City of God, p11) He reasons that the soul then can not be made of material cosmos for then how could God be material Augustine believes that nothing other that God can truly make people happy. This would conflict with thoughts from Plato because he wasn't even fully convinced that there was just one God who was running everything. Plato did leave room for the idea that there was more than one God and that he didn't necessarily know what all was out there.

It would seem that Augustine ability to take parts from Plato's philosophy and integrate them into is Christian ideals makes him better at fully understanding where he really stand as far as his own ideas about God and how he believes God to be. Augustine believes that it is all because of God that Plato could come to a point to be able to manifest his ideas. Even ideas that Augustine doesn't support like Plato feeling that polytheistic worship was o.k. I think that Augustine has done a very good job of these two strands of thought. It also is not as hard as it could be to put these two trains of thought together because the ideas are easy to find points of similarity. Even in the issues that Plato and Augustine conflict serve really to help Augustine become stronger in his faith and his ideals because he has to be able to put these two schools of thought together and be able to defend his own ideas.

Please note that this sample paper on Philosophy paper on Free Will is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Philosophy paper on Free Will, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Philosophy paper on Free Will will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Journeys

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on journeys. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality journeys paper right on time.

Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in journeys, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your journeys paper at affordable prices !

Okay, Im in a big tin can at about 0,000 feet in the air and all I can see is water, water water everywhere and not a drop to drink, hang on a minute, there is the air steward with a jug of water and a cup. So, for six hours water is all I can see, great stuff. The in-flight movies are never any good and if you are short sighted then its perfect; there is a tidgy screen in front of you but if you are long sighted then you are in trouble. It doesnt matter anyway; you spend most of your time trying to open those dam tiny packets of peanuts and the rest of the time contemplating if the airline food is in actual fact, food. Ah now it get interesting, I can see land, granted for two more hours it would just happen to be bare land, one tree every fifteen minuets to keep the excitement going. If anybodys interested this bare land is called Newfoundland but the natives pronounce it Nufundlund. I met somebody from Newfoundland once, she was very peculiar, its like going back in time to the 50's, the dress sense, the mannerisms and the general old fashioned style of the 150's, one of the many interesting people I have met over my brief existence. Anyway, by this time I have lost all my feeling in my legs and am probably about to collapse due to DVT. Finally we land, I have arrived, Toronto airport, Ontario, Canada.

As I am British the first thing I am bound to comment on is the weather, and thats exactly what Im going to do. Its humid, its hot, Im sweaty, Im now short of breath, Its either a scorching day and I am immensely tired from carrying my eight tonne suitcase or I am having a heart attack. Well, I really do love this country, all the Canadians have one of the most euphonic accent I have ever heard, and dont for one minuet try to suggest that it is exactly the same as the American accent because they would be highly offended. In the summer months the days are perfect, blue sky, hot sunny sun, ah, the bliss! Another thing about the Canadians is that they are all really polite and they are nearly always smiling. Okay, enough of me praising the Canadians, lets get going. The five-minute trek down to the car hire place is always interesting; I always have an observant eye open, just in case I spot a moose, Toronto was filled with loads of them when the millennium was happening.

Have you ever had that feeling when you thought you were awake and totally conscious but in a flash you are about a hundred kilometres away looking at your friends? No? Well, thats just happened to me, my face is pressed up against the glass of the car and Tony is pointing and laughing at me. I am in Ingersoll, the home of the famous cheese factory, no really, Ingersoll is a really small town where the highlight of its attractions is the cheese factory museum.

Tony (the one who is still pointing and laughing at me as I fail to wake up) is who I am staying with, his wonderful wife Gina and spawn of Satan, Sarah, I mean it, last time I was here she tried to set me on fire, and she's only six. The emotions are flying around like a demented bat that has lost his sense of hearing; this is because we (we as in my family) haven't seen these people for a year. They used to live next door to us for ten years then they decided that they liked us so much that they wanted to emigrate to the other side of the world. I manage to scramble out of the car to have a welcome reception by Tony, he promptly throws me in the swimming pool, we always did have a love hate relationship, I just didn't realise when he said beware of my wild side that it involved me being submerged under six feet of water.

Help with essay on journeys

After a good nights sleep and acclimatising to the time zone I am up and ready to meet the world In Ingersoll town centre there is a supermarket, a LCBO (liquor store to me and you) and a Beer store (and that's a beer store to you and me). The Canadian law is very strict about alcohol, they have to have separate stores for beer and wine and a different store for spirits and heavy liquor, also you have to put it in a brown paper bag so that the general public cant see it and if you wan to drive with alcohol then you have too keep it in the boot of the car, or the 'trunk?as they like to call it. I think the best store in Ingersoll has to be the Shoppers Drug Mart, basically because the name just rocks! In nearly every town in Canada there is a chain of coffee houses called Tim Hortons, it's the type of place where you are really reluctant to try, but as soon as you take your first sip of whatever beverage you decide to purchase you immediately become addicted to it, I was no different, I think the Canadian economy must have considerably benefited from my visits to Tim Hortons. Well in all fairness it's the best place for coffee and bagels, you see very large businessmen go through the drive through every morning to collect their bagels, doughnuts, coffee and whatever else they don't need but buy anyway, no wonder why they are very large with a breakfast like that every day.

Usually it is a family ritual to go and see all the nice friendly people that we have met in the previous years. There are some very strange people in Ingersoll, I suppose its just what I'm used to, Ingersoll is a very close knit community and due to that everybody knows everybody else and it is very hard to get up to any mischief, so they don't. That makes my time with my new friends very challenging. Makenzie, Rachel, Simon, Benjamin, Mitchell, Lucinda and Annabelle, all from one family. All I can say to that is WOAH! Makenzie and Rachel are the nearest to my age, they are so different from my friends back in England, they are well behaved all the time, they are polite all the time and weirdest of all, they have absolutely no interest in alcohol! I asked them if this was just because their parents were strict but alas, they said no, they know its illegal to drink before they are nineteen so they don't even think about it, amazing. After a day of reminiscing and a night of not getting drunk with the locals I am ready to go and have a relaxing day at the beach, yes I know, we are nowhere near the sea but we are near the great lakes.

Its about an hours drive from Ingersoll to the lake, the road is almost exactly straight down, there is no real driving skill involved and that probably why young Canadians can start driving at sixteen. On the way down to the beach we drive through some real shantytowns, they have names like, Vienna, Paris, Oxford and even Norfolk. These are the types of places where the locals sit on their porches with shotguns while they guard their junk which is neatly dumped on their front garden, or yarrrrrrd as they like to call it, notice the emphasis on the r, these yokels have a slight adjustment to their accent where their r's sound like they are coming out of their noses for about five minutes before they say the last part of the word. You notice that all traffic speeds up when you reach these towns, I wonder why as we drive past a bullet hole filled sign that says thank you for visiting Vienna, please come again?

The tranquillity that surrounds Port Burwell is possibly an opiate for the masses, as soon as anybody arrives there they almost immediately go into some sort of lazy comatose state, I know I did exactly the same. The beach is home to one of the great lakes that links Canada to America, it is so huge that it looks like the sea, even on the clearest of days you can't see the other side. I think the greatest feature of this lake is that when you finally decide to move and have a swim then if perchance you swallow some water then it tastes pure, isn't it amazing, I think so. Funny story about this beach, I call it the paranoid seagull. There once was a travel writer, she went to a beach. The travel writer saw a seagull, seagull was suffering from a severe case of paranoia and decided to attack travel writer with great hilarity to travel writer's companions. The end. Nice story. No, not really, I hated that seagull, I think it was possessed. Anyway, after being stalked by a kamikaze seagull the next mini adventure might not seem as interesting.

Please note that this sample paper on journeys is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on journeys, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on journeys will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Heros

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Heros. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Heros paper right on time.

Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Heros, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Heros paper at affordable prices !

Heroes

When you picture a hero, what kind of person do you picture? "The American Heritage College Dictionary," defines a hero as "a person noted for courageous actions."

So according to the dictionary the only way you can be a hero is if you are recognized for doing something heroic . So where does that leave the real heroes.

When a kid for example is picturing a hero, he pictures Bat Man. The reason why he pictures Bat Man is because that is the way are society pictures a hero. Lets say a person got on the internet an went to a search engine and typed the keyword heroes, that person would either find pictures and articles of famous people or some other internet junk that has nothing to do with the true meaning of a hero.

Help with essay on Heros

A hero in my eyes is not someone that leaps buildings or someone that can run into a burning house to rescue people. Simply a hero is someone that has touched a person's heart in such away that the touch will affect the person the rest of their life. This is what I mean by real heroes.

The bombing of Sept. 11 001, shows prime examples of heroes. The police officers and firefighters of Sept.11 are considered heroes. In are society's eyes they are the true heroes. They did risk there own life to go into a building that was collapsing to save other peoples life. Their brave courage will be noted for making them the hero. They were probably just doing what they thought was right. They probably had no intention to be a hero, but like it or not they are the true heroes or are they the true heroes?

What about the families of Sept. 11. Why aren't they the heroes? Just because they didn't show courage on that certain day makes them nothing right? What about the days to come. Who will be there for a lost child? Wait, the lost child will have Bat Man to help guide it around the curvy corners of life, right? Bat Man is the prime example of a hero, right?

Let's say a grandmother comes by and guides the child around the curvy corners of life and touches that childes heart in such away that the touch affects the child the rest of his life. Wouldn't that be a prime example of a hero? Without a family, the lost child's chance of survival decreases. I am not saying that the child couldn't survival on its own, but the chance of its survival will increase. It's not all about the grandmother being there for the child that makes them the hero, but by supporting the child and going through the rough times with the child that makes the grandmother the hero.

Please note that this sample paper on Heros is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Heros, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Heros will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment from and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Clandestine

If you order your custom paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on clandestine. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality clandestine paper right on time.

Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in clandestine, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your clandestine paper at affordable prices !

It was the day of my 1th birthday when it happened. It was a warm, summer afternoon and I was lying comfortably on my bed with the cool morning breeze whisking onto my face from the open window. The smell of the fresh blueberry pancakes drifted into my nose as I began to rise out of bed. It was the day that I would be treated like a queen. The day I would get special care and attention. It was my kind of day.

"Come downstairs and eat your breakfast before it gets cold!!!" My mom hollered at me.

I raced down the stairs to the kitchen table and stuffed my mouth like there was no tomorrow. It being my birthday somehow made the pancakes a lot tastier than usual.

"So what do you want to do today?"

Order College Papers on clandestine

I usually spent my birthdays with my mother. My mother is my confidant. Unlike many girls I know this day and age, my mother and I get along fairly well. I always tell her what is on my mind, and she always takes the time to listen to me. I guess the reason why we are so close is because my grandmother was very strict. She never took the time and day to ask how a day at school was, or if she needed any help with her homework. And because of that, my mom was determined to have the closest relationship possible with her own daughter me.

"Let's go shopping!"

That day, my mother and I decided on going to the mall. Macy's was where it all started. I spotted a gorgeous jacket that I immediately fell in love with. But to my dissatisfaction, I came to realize that the jacket was worth $11 - in iAmerican moneyi. But even still, I pleaded my mom for it.

"My final word is NO, and that's that!"

After that incident, I came to not talk to my mother anymore. I was so furious with her that I didn't even care to speak to her. For the whole day, I ignored her and passed her dirty looks. I didn't feel comfortable, but I always came around to thinking about how she didn't get me the jacket.

The next day, me still being angered with my mother, I woke up to the sound of a phone call. It was a Monday and both my parents were at work. My two brothers were at college, so I was home alone. Still half asleep, I went to answer the phone. The phone call was from my mother's boss. She was wondering where my mother was. It was then that I saw my mother's car drive up into the driveway. Gripping onto a Macy's shopping bag, she came indoors. I immediately knew that it was my jacket. The one I've been craving since the first time my very eyes had laid eyes on it... Later on that day, my father sat me down and told me to take it easy on my mom. He told me how she was juggling two jobs, especially since the terror attack at September 11th. I hadn't realized, but now I understood why mom always went to work early and came back so late. She had used the money to buy me that jacket that should have been used to pay the bills. She took a day off from work just to spend a day with me and my selfish self, just to make my day special.

That day made me realize how much of a woman my mother really was. And to this day, I think twice before begging for a jacket worth $11. I never take her for granted.

Please note that this sample paper on clandestine is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on clandestine, we are here to assist you. Your college papers on clandestine will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Biology

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on biology. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality biology paper right on time.

Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in biology, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your biology paper at affordable prices !

Ashly Housberg

History 106

10//00

The Impact of ImmigrationDo my essay on biology CHEAP !

The United States has set itself apart from any other country with the incredible amount of nationalities that make up our country. There has never been another country to receive the same amount of immigrants or nationalities that now make up United States. The impact the immigrants had on America is frequently overlooked or unrevealed. America was a new country with freedom and liberty as the ultimate purpose. These immigrants saw America as a promising new world, full of never-ending possibilities.

Many immigrants fled to America in hope of finding a new life for themselves and their families. They gave up their homes and everything they knew to pursue a better life in America. Most of the immigrants came to America between 180 and 10. There were two categories of immigrants classified by when they came over and where they came from. The first group was the Old Immigrants they generally came to America from 184 to the year 188. They came from England, Ireland, Scotland, Germany and Scandinavian countries. The New Immigrants generally arrived from 1885 to the year 114. They basically came from Italy, Austro-Hungary, Greece, Poland and Russia. All of these immigrants came over for a reason. They came from overcrowded cities with tight living quarters. The Industrial Revolution caused many to lose their jobs and their homes. They came to America looking for jobs to support their families and to build a new life. Many people were also living on unproductive land and farms. They were not able to maintain their crops or gain any other profit from them. There was a sweeping success of social uprising in several countries such as France, Germany, Italy, the Austrian Empire, and England. Many countries were fighting with economic depressions, an example is the Irish potato famine that plagued the Irish for five long years. Many people, like the Jews in Russia, were facing religious persecution from their governments. They heard that America was a place where you had the freedom to practice any religion or beliefs you pleased. Yet without the vast improvements in ocean transportation the immigrants would not have made their way to America. Ocean traveling although not very safe for the immigrants was the primary mode of transportation. The captains of the ships crammed as many people as they could fit in the ship compartments losing many immigrants on the trip. Despite the several risks and obstacles immigrants insisted on coming to America.

The enormous increase in immigrants created a sense of fear in the American public, so the government stepped in to create some restrictions on immigration. The first obstacle was a literacy test anyone over 16 years of age had to pass. They had to read 0 to 80 words in either English or any another language. Many disagreeing presidents vetoed the bills. Congress still determined to cut immigration created quota laws to restrict the number of immigrants permitted into America each year. These included the Immigration Act of 11, the National Origins Act of 14, and the Immigration and Nationality (McCarran-Walter Act) of 165. The Immigration Act of 11 allowed percent of each nationality according to the 110 census with a cap on 57,000 immigrants. The National Origins Act of 14 allowed percent of each nationality according to 180 census with a maximum of 164,000 immigrants. They cut the amount of immigrants allowed in to America by more than half within only years because they were still feeling threatened by their rapid settlement. The Immigration and Nationality Act of 165 permitted 170,000 immigrants outside western hemisphere with a 0,000 maximum for each country and 10,000 immigrant maximum for countries in western hemisphere with no limits on any country. There was also a sequence of acts exclusively banning Chinese from 188 to 14. This restriction was essentially the same for Japanese. Today we are at a 700,000 limit on immigrants. So even today we are still concerned with the number of immigrants who come to the United States.

As the immigrants arrived in the United States some choose to stay where they arrived and some decided to venture off and settle in the rest of the country. Most of the Irish, Italians, and Jews remained in the northeast where they came in. The Poles, Germans, and Scandinavians moved to the Midwest and far west. In California the Italians started the wine industry. Their quality of life was far from what they expected. Most of the immigrants were unskilled factory workers making extremely low wages and suffered in horrible living conditions in crowded housing. Not only were their living standards terrible they were also treated poorly. The immigrants were hastily looked down on and the natives did not welcome them. Most of the immigrants stuck together and formed their own small communities and neighborhoods. They shed most of their old habits to try and fit in as best as possible and to be accepted. They usually changed their dress and appearance, language, and names depending on the location of the city or towns they lived in. The immigrants however, rarely changed their religion or beliefs.

The immigrants brought with them many changes to the way we ran the country. Most of the immigrants were unskilled laborers who worked extremely long hours for very little pay, benefiting primarily the big businesses. The immigrants took all of the tedious jobs the natives didn't want. They were helping the economy and businesses but not reaping any of the benefits. There were also skilled laborers amongst the immigrants like, tailors, machinists, mechanics, woodworkers, piano makers, and glassblowers. There were also incredibly important inventions by immigrants. The immigrants played a huge role in the advancement of industrialization.

There was a fierce reaction to immigration amongst the American community. The American public feared and distrusted the new immigrants. They thought they were inferior and ignorant. Various Americans viewed the Irish as being more disgusting and revolting than the black slaves. Samuel Morse led nativist to fear a conspiracy to overthrow the United States government by the Jesuits in his publication, Foreign Conspiracies Against the Liberties of the United States. Morse was also a member of the nativist American Party, a group of bigots who believed in anti-Catholicism and anti-immigration. Maria Monk also wrote a renowned fraudulent book also on anti-Catholicism and anti-immigrant, Awful Disclosures Of the Hotel Dieu Nunnery, about a convent in Montreal. Businesses liked the immigrant's benefit of cheap labor but feared organization of the workers and retaliation for higher wages. Eugenics, Social Darwinist, and select intellectuals were anti-immigrant. They believed in selective breeding and survival of the fittest. The American public was also afraid of the immigrants becoming criminals like Al Capone. They felt immigrants were sneaky and distrustful. The American public had to be primarily afraid of immigration or Congress would not have passed numerous laws restricting it. Americans at the time feared being taken over by foreigners.

Immigration has transformed America in countless ways. Our country is so special because our adversity and flexibility. By the immigrants slaving away in the factories they were helping industries flourish. They also contributed by helping our cities to grow and develop. There were also immigrants who made important inventions and discoveries. Most of all, they enlightened and enriched American culture.

Immigration has shaped America in to what it is today. America is diversified but yet unified. There are differences in religion, traditions, beliefs, ideals, political parties, just about anything you can think of but we are all American. There has always been a longing for freedom and justice. We enjoy our liberties and rights that let us live our lives as we please. Immigration helped to advance America to the stage we are in today. Everyone has differences yet we find a way to work through them and come together. Immigration formed our nation by helping in the industrialization and urbanization growth. Immigration is one of the greatest keys to America's success.

Please note that this sample paper on biology is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on biology, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on biology will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Ecosystem Vulnerability

If you order your cheap custom paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Ecosystem Vulnerability. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Ecosystem Vulnerability paper right on time.

Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Ecosystem Vulnerability, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Ecosystem Vulnerability paper at affordable prices !

A ecosystem is a system formed by the interaction of all living organisms with each other and with the physical elements of the environment. The vulnerability of an ecosystem can be determined through the examination of its location, biodiversity, extent and linkages. The vulnerability of the ecosystem is closely linked with the effectiveness of the functioning and the diversity of the ecosystem. The resilience of an ecosystem is also important when looking at the survival of ecosystems. Resilience is a measure of the ability of an ecosystem to adapt to a changing function and structure following an episode of natural or human induced stress.

The biophysical interactions between the hydrosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere and biosphere lead to diverse ecosystems. Through the interaction of the three nonliving spheres, the hydrosphere, lithosphere and atmosphere a variety of different conditions are created for the biosphere. Location of a ecosystem determines the characteristics of the nonliving spheres it is through their interaction that the foundations of an ecosystem are made. For example deserts are usually located between 0 and 0 degrees north and south of the equator. In these locations we find that the interaction between the hydrosphere and atmosphere lead to dry and extreme temperatures. The sandy soils in the desert mean water drains quickly leaving no water. The lack of water in these areas means there is no precipitation. Therefore there are no clouds that hold warmth from the day through the night slightly. Water also acts as a moderator of temperature as it warms and cools slowly, as there is very little water the desert has high daytime temperatures and cold nights. Due to the hardy climate there is little biodiversity in the desert. Plants and organisms must adapt to suit the conditions. Widely scattered shrubs and water conserving plants are found in these areas. Tundra ecosystems are found most extensively in the Northern hemisphere. The ecosystem is covered with ice and snow for much of the year and the subsoil is permanently frozen. Due to the conditions there is a 1 to month growing season in which a treeless, shrubby or mat like vegetation grows. The conditions produced through the interactions of the spheres are linked to specific ecosystems. The biophysical interaction of the spheres directly affect the ecosystem and make them vulnerable to change as the functioning of the ecosystem is disrupted.

Ecosystem functioning is the ability of an ecosystem to capture, store and transfer energy, nutrients and water. Energy enters an ecosystem through the photosynthesis of the primary producers (autotrophs). Photosynthesis is a process in which the plant uses sunlight to produce starch that is stored and used in the plants leaves. As these plants are eaten by the primary consumers (herbivores) the energy is transferred. The animal uses the majority of the energy but energy continues to up the food chain to secondary consumers and tertiary consumers. Decomposers then recycle the material from the dead animals while consuming and using the left over energy in the system. However 0% of plant material is not consumed decomposers recycle this material in a process called detritus. The proces is vital in the functioning of the nutrient cycle. Nutrients such as O, N, C and Phosphorous are constantly cycled through the systems by means of biogeochemical cycles. For example the carbon cycle which is essential to the functioning of all ecosystems as all plants and animals require carbon. Carbon is absorbed by plants as carbon dioxide in the process photosynthesis and changed to glucose. The carbon is used and passed up the chain as is energy. However the carbon is not lost as matter can not be destroyed. Carbon dioxide is breathed out by animals ready for plant use. These complex systems make ecosystems vulnerable and make them easily unbalanced eg burning of fossil fuels.

The location of an ecosystem is the key factor determining the type and diversity of the ecosystem that exists as explained above. If a ecosystem becomes highly adapted to those conditions they become increasingly vulnerable to a change in conditions. For example coral reefs exist in shallow levels of warm water that are low in nutrients usually in the tropics. If the interactions between the biophysical spheres in the ecosystems change it can be destroyed. For example if nutrient levels at the location were to increase then Algae would grow. This would decrease the amount of sunlight which the coral would receive thus destroying the aquatic ecosystem that existed. Increased temperatures can also be highly lethal to the coral ecosystem as it causes coral bleaching. Consequences of global warming may be the loss of coral reefs. Humans can easily change the interactions between the spheres in different locations. It is important those highly adapted ecosystems are protected, as they are vulnerable and are not very resilient to change.

Custom Essays on Ecosystem Vulnerability

The extent of area an ecosystem expands over is also indicative of its vulnerability. Extent refers to the size and configuration of an ecosystem. Ecosystems with a small, isolated and limited extent are highly vulnerable. If a small are of a small ecosystems with small populations yet large number of species (eg rainforest) is cleared some plants and animals may face extinction. However if a small area that was highly populated and had a low number of species (eg grasslands) was cleared little effect would be experienced. A isolated ecosystem can not benefit from migration of plants and animals to save the ecosystem when it has become vulnerable. With the continued sprawl of human development over the globe the extent of our ecosystems continue to shrink increasing their vulnerability and making the less resilient to change.

Biodiversity refers to the variety among living organisms and the ecosystems they inhabit. A ecosystem that is not biodiverse is highly vulnerable as change could result in major disruption in the functioning of the ecosystem. One type of biodiversity is gene diversity. If a species in a ecosystem has diverse genes it will be better able to deal with change in the ecosystem thus less vulnerable. For example aphids that are resistant to common pesticides are less able to survive cold winters than are the aphids not resistant to pesticides. Species diversity is another type of biodiversity it is a measure of species at each trophic level of an ecosystem. The greater the species diversity the less vulnerable the ecosystem will be. For example if a ecosystem is not species diverse and the population of a species was wiped out due to hunting then the functioning of the ecosystem would be destroyed unless there was species in the ecosystem that could bridge the gap. This is more likely in a species diverse ecosystem. Ecosystem diversity is another type of biodiversity that refers to the variety of habitats and ecosystems. The loss of biodiversity in the globes ecosystems through pollution has resulted in an increase in vulnerability.

He linkages between species in a ecosystem also determines the vulnerability. Linkages refer to the interdependence between species in a ecosystem and is related to species diversity. If a keystone species (a species vital to the existence of the ecosystem) is removed then the ecosystem will collapse as energy flows and biogeochemical cycles will be interrupted. For example When the Sea Otter was removed from the coast of North America the ecosystem collapsed. The Sea Otter ate the Sea Urchins which took over the ecosystem when the Sea Otter was removed killing the kelp and Seaweed that grew. When the Sea Otter was reintroduced the ecosystem recovered. A ecosystem that relies on a keystone species is highly vulnerable.

Ecosystems are complex environments in which complex interrelationships exist between plants, animals and the biophysical environment. The functioning and diversity of a ecosystem are the key factors in determining its vulnerability. Human development and its impact on the environment must be monitored to ensure the survival of the globes ecosystems.

By Nigel Holdsworth

Please note that this sample paper on Ecosystem Vulnerability is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Ecosystem Vulnerability, we are here to assist you. Your cheap college papers on Ecosystem Vulnerability will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Accounting Treatments for Identifiable Intangible Assets

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Accounting Treatments for Identifiable Intangible Assets. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Accounting Treatments for Identifiable Intangible Assets paper right on time.

Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Accounting Treatments for Identifiable Intangible Assets, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Accounting Treatments for Identifiable Intangible Assets paper at affordable prices !

Executive Summary

Through extensive analysis of your firm and the costing system you currently use, we believe that your current costing system, that being a traditional costing system isn't satisfactory for your company anymore. We believe that a change from this system to an activity based costing system would be of significant advantage to your company.

Your company is currently using a system that uses a plantwide overhead rate based on output volume to allocate factory overhead costs to the products, that is only useful when direct labor and materials are the only predetermined factors of production. While your company has many predetermined factors, so we are of the belief that an activity based costing system, which assigns resources to activities, from which these activities are assigned to cost objects based upon the activities used by the company, would benefit your company significantly.

As for the acceptance of the McDonalds Order, there are many factors that have to be evaluated before your company decides if they will or won't go ahead with the deal. If your company accepts the current offer under the traditional costing system you would have a contribution margin of $55,000, while if its accepted under the activity based costing system your company would have a contribution margin of $7,14.

Even though these figures don't sound to bad, you will have to way up many qualitative factors, which may affect your company if the deal with McDonalds is accepted, such factors as the lowering of the current cost price per gallon of mix. This could impact very poorly on your company as current and possibly future customers may also ask for these prices, which could severely affect you companies future income levels. On the other hand, if you don't accept this deal, it could work significantly against your company, due to McDonalds being such a massive fast food chain. Through word of mouth they could tarnish you good name with your current and future customers possibly making them move your competitors. So the decision to go either was with the McDonalds Order could prove vital in the future success for your company.

Please note that this sample paper on Accounting Treatments for Identifiable Intangible Assets is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Accounting Treatments for Identifiable Intangible Assets, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Accounting Treatments for Identifiable Intangible Assets will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Childhood obesity

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Childhood obesity. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Childhood obesity paper right on time.

Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Childhood obesity, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Childhood obesity paper at affordable prices !

Obesity in children and adolescents is a serious issue with many health and social consequences that often continue into adulthood. Implementing prevention programs and getting a better understanding of treatment for youngsters is important to controlling the obesity epidemic.

There are many factors that contribute to causing child and adolescent obesity - some are modifiable and others are not.

Modifiable causes include

·Physical Activity - Lack of regular exercise. Write my Essay on Childhood obesity for me

·Sedentary behavior - High frequency of television viewing, computer usage, and similar behavior that takes up time that can be used for physical activity.

·Socioeconomic Status - Low family incomes and non-working parents.

·Eating Habits - Over-consumption of high-calorie foods. Some eating patterns that have been associated with this behavior are eating when not hungry, eating while watching TV or doing homework.

·Environment - Some factors are over-exposure to advertising of foods that promote high-calorie foods and lack of recreational facilities.

Non-changeable causes include

Genetics - Greater risk of obesity has been found in children of obese and overweight parents.

Health Effects

Many adverse health effects associated with overweight are observed in children and adolescents. Overweight during childhood and particularly adolescence is related to increased morbidity and mortality in later life.

Asthma

oPrevalence of overweight is reported to be significantly higher in children and adolescents with moderate to severe asthma compared to a peer group.

Diabetes (Type )

oType diabetes in children and adolescents has increased dramatically in a short period. The parallel increase of obesity in children and adolescents is reported to be the most significant factor for the rise in diabetes.

oType diabetes accounted for to 4 percent of all childhood diabetes before 1, but skyrocketed to 16 percent by 14.

oObese children and adolescents are reported to be 1.6 times more likely than non-obese to have high fasting blood insulin levels, a risk factor for type diabetes.

oType diabetes is predominant among African American and Hispanic youngsters, with a particularly high rate among those of Mexican descent.

Hypertension

oPersistently elevated blood pressure levels have been found to occur about times more frequently among obese children and adolescents (ages 5 to 18) than in non-obese.

oObese children and adolescents are reported to be .4 times more likely to have high diastolic blood pressure and 4.5 times more likely to have high systolic blood pressure than their non-obese peers.

Orthopedic Complications

oAmong growing youth, bone and cartilage in the process of development are not strong enough to bear excess weight. As a result, a variety of orthopedic complications occur in children and adolescents with obesity. In young children, excess weight can lead to bowing and overgrowth of leg bones.

oIncreased weight on the growth plate of the hip can cause pain and limit range of motion. Between 0 to 50 percent of children with this condition are overweight.

Psychosocial Effects & Stigma

oOverweight children are often taller than the non-overweight.

oWhite girls, who develop a negative body image, are at a greater risk for the subsequent development of eating disorders.

oAdolescent females who are overweight have reported experiences with stigmatization such as direct and intentional weight-related teasing, jokes and derogatory name calling, as well as less intentional, potentially hurtful comments by peers, family members, employers and strangers.

oOverweight children and adolescents report negative assumptions made about them by others, including being inactive or lazy, being strong and tougher than others, not having feelings, and being unclean.

Sleep Apnea

oSleep apnea, the absence of breathing during sleep, occurs in about 7 percent of children with obesity. Deficits in logical thinking are common in children with obesity and sleep apnea.

Establish policies that promote enjoyable, lifelong physical activity.

·Schools should require daily physical education and comprehensive health education (including lessons on physical activity) in grades K-1.

·Schools and community organizations should provide adequate funding, equipment, and supervision for programs that meet the needs and interests of all students.

. Environment

Provide physical and social environments that encourage and enable young people to engage in safe and enjoyable physical activity.

·Provide access to safe spaces and facilities and implement measures to prevent activity-related injuries and illnesses.

·Provide school time, such as recess, for unstructured physical activity, such as jumping rope.

·Discourage the use or withholding of physical activity as punishment.

·Provide health promotion programs for school faculty and staff.

. Physical Education Curricula and Instruction

Implement sequential physical education curricula and instruction in grades K-1 that

·Emphasize enjoyable participation in lifetime physical activities such as walking and dancing, not just competitive sports.

·Help students develop the knowledge, attitudes, and skills they need to adopt and maintain a physically active lifestyle.

·Follow the National Standards for Physical Education.

·Keep students active for most of class time.

4. Health Education Curricula and Instruction

Implement health education curricula and instruction that

·Feature active learning strategies and follow the National Health Education Standards.

·Help students develop the knowledge, attitudes, and skills they need to adopt and maintain a healthy lifestyle.

5. Extracurricular Activities

Provide extracurricular physical activity programs that offer diverse, developmentally appropriate activities both noncompetitive and competitive for all students.

6. Family Involvement

Encourage parents and guardians to support their childrens participation in physical activity, to be physically active role models, and to include physical activity in family events.

7. Training

Provide training to enable teachers, coaches, recreation and health care staff, and other school and community personnel to promote enjoyable, lifelong physical activity among young people.

8. Health Services

Assess the physical activity patterns of young people, refer them to appropriate physical activity programs, and advocate for physical activity instruction and programs for young people.

. Community Programs

Provide a range of developmentally appropriate community sports and recreation programs that are attractive to all young people.

10. Evaluation

Regularly evaluate physical activity instruction, programs, and facilities.

Easy access to junk food. Gargantuan portion sizes. Little if any exercise.

These are among the reasons why twice as many American children are fat these days compared with 0 years ago, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The incidence of childhood obesity has doubled since the 170s, with 1 percent of children and adolescents obese and an additional 15 percent considered overweight.

Portion sizes are a huge problem. Restaurant meal portions have grown over the past few decades because food has become so cheap and abundant. Its inexpensive and easy for restaurants to provide large meals, which attracts consumers, who equate a bigger portion with a better deal.

Twenty years ago, the average fast food cheeseburger had calories, according to the CDC. Today, that cheeseburger contains nearly 600 calories. A portion of french fries used to weigh .4 ounces and contain 10 calories. Today, the average portion weighs nearly 7 ounces and has 610 calories. The typical spaghetti and meatball meal used to contain 500 calories. Now, restaurant patrons get approximately 1,05 calories from the dish.

Larger portion sizes plus a lack of daily exercise compounds the problem of childhood obesity, pediatric specialists say. Children dont run around outside as much as they used to because of safety concerns, nor do many of them get adequate exercise during the school day.

Please note that this sample paper on Childhood obesity is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Childhood obesity, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Childhood obesity will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Describe 60s pop culture in the 1960s

If you order your essay from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Describe 60s pop culture in the 1960s. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Describe 60s pop culture in the 1960s paper right on time.

Out staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Describe 60s pop culture in the 1960s, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Describe 60s pop culture in the 1960s paper at affordable prices !

Describe popular culture in the 160s

The 160s saw many changes in Britain, it was a prolonged period when people felt that their troubles were behind them, after 0 years of gloom. Because many couples had put off having children during the war, there was a big boom in birthrate between the years of 145 and 147. These baby boomers were in their middle teens at the beginning of the 160s, and it is they who remember the decade with the most affection.

The 160s were a decade of change, and changes in the media industry included the introduction of colour supplements and tabloid newspapers. Teen magazines appeared for the first time in 161, and the most successful ones were Honey and 1, which provided information about the latest trends regarding clothes, style and music. Underground magazines also began appearing in the early 60s, appearing first in 161, and featured its first gag cover in 16. Their pictures were anarchic in style, frequently being printed out of focus or super-imposed and the type was laid unconventionally, appearing diagonally or even upside-down.

Music itself didnt change much in the early 60s, the music still included sentimental lyrics and catchy tunes that the older generation didnt disapprove of. The real change was in technology, the invention of the 7 single in the middle of the decade meant music was now cheaper to buy and lighter and easier to carry around. Teenagers could carry music around with them and that singles could be played it jukeboxes, making it easier for teens to catch up with the latest songs. Popular artists of the early 60s were influenced very heavily by America, and Cliff Richard, Tommy Steele and Billy Fury all tended to copy American trends and produce cover versions of American hits.

Custom writing service can write essays on Describe 60s pop culture in the 1960s

Despite the success of the aforementioned artists, the real success story of the 160s music scene were the Beatles, to many people they were the sixties, and became the heroes of many teenagers. Although a talented band who had been playing together for a number of years, they were not successful till they went under the guidance of Brian Epstein. It was Epstein who made them wear suits with no lapels and cut their hair in a pudding basin style, inventing the Beatle hair style and Beatle jacket. The Beatles wrote their own music, creating a unique blend of rhythm and blues, rock and roll and Tamala Motown, it was this unique style that set them apart from so many of their counterparts. Their realistic lyrics captured the imaginations of teenagers around the world who adopted them as an icon of the victory of youth over old age, of new over old. The success of the Beatles meant that it became respectable to have an accent that didnt come from the Home Counties. They also inspired the Mersey Sound, Fredddie and the Dreamers, The Merseybeats and Jerry and the Pacemakers.

The Rolling Stones started out similiar to the Beatles, but by 164 they had ditched their stage uniforms, their stage acts became wilder, their lyrics and behaviour grew more outrageous,their hair had grown their hair longer and they sparked horror in the older generation like no group ever had before. Their songs carried obvious sexual undertones, and explicitly discussed drug use, which endeared them to girls who found the Beatles a bit too cute.

Radio and television paid little attention to pop music. Six Five Special and Juke Box Jury tended to cater for older tastes. Television was, however, quicker to react to the changing style of music than radio. ITV began to broadcast Ready, Steady, Go and the BBC broadcasted Top of the Pops, both shows became hugely successful. Ready, Steady, Go was described as magic, compulsory viewing. It gave teenagers feeling of freedom, excitement and youth. Cathy McGowan became a heroine for thousands of young girls, who copied her hair and style of dress. These shows were so successful because they were the only chances teenagers had to hear pop music, and if they missed these shows, that was it for the whole week. Teenagers couldnt afford to miss these shows because there was no opportunity to hear pop music on the radio, there were only three BBC radio channels in the early 160s , and no commercial stations. The only way teenagers could listen to hit music was to tune into Radio Luxembourg, or the pirate Radio Caroline, both of which played non stop pop music and catered especially for teens, using different formats and presenters completely diffirent to those of any other station.

Television broadcasting had undergone a dramatic change during the previous decade, which continued into the 160s. At the beginning of the 150s, the BBC was dominated by the ideas of John Reith who wanted broadcasting to be educational, and in the early 50s most programmes educated viewers, and the timetable included cookery and gardening programmes as well as plays. Programmes stopped from 6p.m to 7p.m as part of a toddlers truce to allow parents to put children to bed properly with a story. The introduction of commercial television in 155 was a dramatic change. There were adverts on TV, as well as programmes brought over from the USA such as I love Lucy and westeners such as Wagon Train. The first gameshows also appeared at this time, Take your Pick was amongst the most popular. Commercial television became very popular because it meant people didnt have to think, they were just entertained.

By the early 60s, television was still dominated by the older generation, and regional accents were unheard of on TV. This was all about to change with the birth of soap operas. The first was ITVs Coronation Street which began in 160. At first it was highly critisized for its content and the effect it had on its viewers, because it showed life as it was, rather than as it could be. This began a trend in 160s televison, and was followed by Steptoe and Son and The Likely Lads broadcast in 16 and 164 respectively, which showed the successes and failures of working class people trying to break out of their routines.

There was a similiar problem with films of the time, they didnt portray life realistically, and tended to centre on middle class people living affluent lifestyles. Most of the films in the late 50s and early 60s were epics with big budgets or classical or biblical stories. Films of the time were intended to appeal to a mass audience. Like music, film was also dominated by the USA.

Fashion was also revolutionised in the 160s. Mary Quant was one of the most important designers of the decade, she wanted to create clothes that allowed people to run, tojump, to leap, to retain their precious freedom. This was an incredibly refreshing view on fashion, when the fashion of the 150s required women to force themselves into corsets and girdles to achieve a particular shape, and skirts were calf length and puffed out with layers of petticoats. The fasion became to look as young as possible, and naively unsophisticated, these clothes allowed teenagers to be teenagers, and not miniature clones of their parents. However, the look that began as a statement of the individuality of youth, soon became a uniform and the fashion moved on. The most important aspect of fashion in the 160s was that nothing lasted long and trends moved quickly.

Pop-art was a movement that emerged in the late Fifties as a reaction to the seriousness given to abstract impressionism. It attempted to fuse elements of popular and high culture. The main artists involved in the movement were Roy Lichtenstein, Allen Jones, Tom Wesselman, John McHale and, of course, Andy Warhol and David Hockney. Their style was simplistic, reducing a subject to its lowest common denominator and then converting it with exaggerated colour to express abstract formal relationships. Possibly the best known examples of this were Warhols silk-screen paintings that made use of monotony and repetition such as the images of Marilyn Monroe and Elvis, but many other of the more famous pictures involved everyday objects such as soup tins, cans of baked beans, Coca Cola bottles and the dollar bill. Both types of image appealed to the rebellious nature of Sixties youth, being the antithesis of the older generations concept of art and hardly a teenagers bedroom wall didnt sport pop or op art posters in some form or other.

Please note that this sample paper on Describe 60s pop culture in the 1960s is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Describe 60s pop culture in the 1960s, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Describe 60s pop culture in the 1960s will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!