Scholarship Essay

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Like most typical Asian kids, I was pressured by my parents to learn the piano at a very young age. I practiced diligently and I was decent for my age, but it wasn't something I particularly enjoyed. However, it has provided me with a strong foundation of basic music theory and technique, which I applied to my later violin studies. For a few years in middle school, I excelled at the violin, but when introduced to yet an even "better" instrument, I couldn't resist the temptation to switch once more to learn the viola. It was through this instrument that I really began to discover myself through music I practiced because I wanted to, not because it was something I was compelled to do by my parents, and consequently, I have won several competitions and scholarships through that instrument. This year I have decided to try something different rather than performing, I have decided to teach. I currently coach the younger orchestras of Tucson Junior Strings every Saturday, as well as teach basic music theory to aspiring musicians. Teaching is fun!

Besides music, I volunteer regularly outside of school. During all of my high school summers, I have volunteered at Tucson Medical Center in departments ranging from Information Systems, Unit 00, and Breast Screening. There, I worked with computers, women, children, and senior citizens regularly. I also volunteer at Epoch Senior Living for senior citizens where I provide them with music as well helping with more basic tasks such as serving food and changing bed sheets and linen. But most importantly, I have also discovered the most important aspect of my service at the assisted living center of being born with an ear! Many of the tenents are visited by their loved ones only once or twice a year for the other 64 days, it can get very lonely with nobody to talk to, and just my mere presence helps alleviate that emptiness for the brief hour or so that we may talk. With an average of sixty to seventy years of added life experience, I find most of their stories to be very entertaining as well as refreshing. Let's face it one can only listen to stuff about cars, boys and clothing for so long before tiring of the same subjects prevalent in the school environment.

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Hospital

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After nine never-ending months, the time had rapidly approached. It was our first child and we were extremely excited, anxious, and worried. I can remember every little detail about that day. It has been embedded into my brain.

When we first walked into the hospital room, it was a bit overwhelming. Everything seemed to be beeping or buzzing and there were wires and tubes everywhere. My wife Susan had to be induced since the baby did not want to greet the world on time. This is when all troubles started to take place. Every few minutes, Susans' heart rate would beat way too fast. She had the whole hospital staff baffled. So, after numerous hours, the doctors decided to perform a c-section. This happened to be Susans' biggest fear about child birth. We were both extremely frightened at this point, but the doctors and nurses kept telling us everything would be alright.

The c-section went along with no problems. However it seemed like an eternity until they were finished delivering the baby. During this time all my emotions struck me at once. At that moment, I truly understood how important family was and how much more my wife meant to me. I realized that before, I took everything for granted. This situation helped me to value the things that were important to me.

I'll never stop thinking about the first time I saw my beautiful daughter. She was all pink and plump. And of course, she was crying! I was amazed at how incredible it was to finally see her.

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After the operation was finished, Susans' heart rate was continuing to speed up and then slow down. This fluctuation continued throughout the night. The doctors kept trying different medications. Unfortunately, none were successful in controlling her rapid heart rate. Finally, the doctors sent my wife to the cardiac floor where we would spend our last four days in the hospital.

I stayed with Susan in the hospital until the end. I never left her side. I slept in the same room with her every night. After what felt like an eternity, the doctors finally found a good combination of medication to manage her heart rate. We finally all got to go home. We were quite eager and relieved to be leaving. Three short months later my wife had to get a procedure done to her heart. The whole thing turned out as best as we could have imagined.

The entire experience was completely exhausting and rewarding. I can only image how my wife must have felt. We were truly blessed with such a beautiful baby girl. She is everything we both could have dreamed of. I really understand how much I love my wife and how much she means to me.

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Ellen Foster

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Kaye Gibbons was born in Nash County, North Carolina in the year 160. I have decided to concentrate on her first novel titled Ellen Foster published in 187. I plan to talk about her use of first person narration, the story structure, and character development, along with the idea of family, friendship, and a child's search for love.

From the opening lines of Ellen Foster you are introduced to the voice of Ellen, the young girl to which this story is told by. She takes you through many years of her childhood recounting the ups and downs that she goes through. Her first words are, "When I was little I would think of ways to kill my daddy." She presents a voice not unlike any child that speaks of truth. Throughout the novel she speaks of a truth that is outright hilarious to sometimes depressing and sad. There is a section where she talks about money. She say's, "All I really cared about accumulating was money." Who other than a child would admit to something like that? It is this voice that allowed me to fall in love with this character, because she is going through such a rough time and in order to escape it all she plans for the future and starts saving. She was always acting as though she was older than she really was, but come to think of it, maybe a person gains an overall maturity through experience. Throughout the novel Ellen is faced with numerous obstacles. It forces her to become this form of adult built inside a child's body. Gibbons is constantly keeping the reader in side of Ellen's head. All these cynical thoughts and remarks we automatically find out through the use of the first person narration. We slowly start to see that this child is extremely confused and lonely. It is not until the near end that she admits her loneliness and wish for comfort as she is trying desperately to make a deal with Jesus. "I reminded Jesus that this not the way a girl needs to be. I told him again to please settle up with me so I could be a pure girl again and somebody good could love me." For me there is no other way to make this novel a success without having Ellen's voice that which carries the story. Gibbons nails it right on the head and I feel is very accurate in writing the voice of a young girl.

From the opening couple of pages there is a way in which the story is structured that brings forth a constant suspense in the reader. It constantly jumps from the present back to the past and then back to the present. Gibbons makes the choice to present the reader with two different points in time and jumps back and forth sometimes without you even noticing. This goes on until the final chapter. While I was reading the story, constantly going back and forth made me want to jump to the very end and find out what happens. It became suspenseful because on one page you would be reading about how bad things were and then all of a sudden she was with her new mama and things were great. Its as if there is a part of you that wants things to finally just be good for Ellen and by jumping back and forth it makes you question what the out come will be. Finally in the end when the two story lines meet again there is still this thought in the back of your mind that wonders if something wrong will happen again. By the end I am not completely sure if I can finally smile and say she will be all right, as a result of the constant change back and forth. By using this structure I think Gibbons helps to create an uncertainty in her reader. It almost parallels the uncertainty that Ellen is having as well. By making this choice Gibbons gives her reader a chance to doubt Ellen's future. We can do nothing else but feel for her as she goes through rough times and seems to take it without any emotion.

Throughout the story many of us catch Ellen's eye but the one that stays constant throughout is her only friend Starletta. She a bit younger than Ellen and comes from a "colored" family. Starletta is a quiet girl according to Ellen but when Ellen is having problems with her father it is Sarletta and her family that take her in. Set in a time when colored people were still looked down on Ellen thought she should feel superior to her good-hearted friend. She knew nothing except for the way people in society had acted like since she was born and that was white were above colored. I think she took a big step to even befriend Starletta at that time but there were still those questions coming from people in her own family. She lives in a small house with weeds that grow up from the ground and out the wooden floor along with an outdoor bathroom, something Ellen could not understand. Ellen feels that she is much smarter than her but she thinks that Starletta is able to have more fun. It is Starletta that somewhat inspires Ellen to change, along with her trying to leave her past. Ellen doesn't want to be forgotten and if her only friend didn't remember her than who would. In the end Ellen through her child-like eyes looks through and beyond the color of skin and loves Starletta for who she is.

Julia and Roy are very important characters as well. They serve to show Ellen that there are people who care about her and truly love her. Julia is an art teacher at the school Ellen attends, so when the teachers find a bruise on Ellen and find out that she is being abused it is Julia that welcomes her into her home. Julia further inspires Ellen to her artwork. Being a child of the sixties Julia brings that sense of love and peace to Ellen's complicated life. Ellen also fills in the missing space that is present in Julia and Roy's life. They always wanted a child and Ellen fits right in, but soon enough is taken away from them and placed into the hands of her mama's mama.

Her mama's mama was a very wealthy old women and she despised Ellen's father. Ellen initially thinks that moving in with her would be great because she has a lot of money and she could spend it on Ellen. She also thinks that maybe she will get to know her grandma better, but soon enough that is out of the question when she finds herself working out in the fields with the slaves. This experience sparks a change in the way Ellen looked at colored people because when she was out in those fields it didn't matter what color she was. Out there she meets Mavis. Mavis is the group leader so to speak. She reinforces the idea in Ellen that she resembled her mother a lot and got to learn about her moms' childhood. Unfortunately her grandma thought of Ellen as bad as she did her father and would do almost anything to torture her. She claimed that Ellen had her fathers eyes and that reminded her of him. Ellen cared for her grandmother while she was sick, but deep down she wanted her to die, not because Ellen was a bad person but mostly because her mama's mama was bad. Ellen didn't want to be blamed for a second death, so when she stopped breathing Ellen made her up with her best hat and covered her bed with flowers in hope that it might help her in her after life, because she needed it.

The voice of Ellen in this section is great. The way Gibbons helps us to understand her intentions and a small cry out for forgiveness. It is in this section that we are introduced to God and Ellen trying to prove to him that she was not at fault with her mothers' death. On the page it is just so funny.

"I found her Sunday hat she never wore and tilted it on her head the way a live women might pop a hat on to ride to town in. Then the best part I will always be proud of was the nice frame I made all around her body. I put all the artificial flowers I could find from all those show jars around her end to end so she looked set off like a picture. A still life you might say."

In trying to make something nice she insults everyone around. Gibbons nails it because again that is what a child would do, especially Ellen. Children always have different intentions. She felt that maybe if she handled her grandmothers death well that Jesus and everyone would for give her for what happened to her mother. That is the worst part, that she actually was cornered into feeling guilt for something she had nothing to do with. She was just a child.

Soon after that she is moved over to her aunt and cousin's house. There she had to deal with the idea that she would always be second best and never live up the ideals of aunt Nadine. Dora the spoiled brat of a cousin she had felt it was her job to make Ellen feel increasingly uncomfortable and small, but Ellen with her sense of humor accepted it and made the best of the situation. She had her own plans in mind. She saw a woman at church and decided that she would be a good mama. It was only a matter of time. She planned at the New Year to have a new start, one that she could be happy with. Finally on Christmas aunt Nadine throws Ellen out, so she finds out where the lady from church lived and was on her way.

A very interesting story line that I think says a lot about the writer and even more about people who need someone is Ellen's interaction with God. So far my experience reading southern writers is that the power of God makes his way into a lot of writing. I especially liked it in this story. After all the shit Ellen has to go through the last person she turns to is God. How many children do you know that turn to God at such a young age? Most of them gain their identity from their parents but when little Ellen is faced with constant disappointment she turns to God. Trying to prove herself and gain a sense of being "even". She just wants to start all over with that chance of having something similar to a family and she fills if she proves to God that she is worthy that everything bad will stop. I wonder what Gibbons is trying to say. I feel that having faith and belief in someone like God is very important. Believing allows you to feel like someone is there when in all actuality everything is going to shit. It is very important for Ellen to have that in her life. It helps her subconsciously to become a person that she is happy with in the end.

Ellen from the opening of the book just wants a family. A mother and a father and if one couldn't be there, then one parent that could cover both roles. Instead she is forced in and out of different homes with more disappointment each time. I assume if Kaye Gibbons wanted to tell this story of her experiences and make it one big tearjerker she could easily do it. There would be one thing missing though and that would be the voice of the child. By allowing Ellen to be this tough little girl that doesn't cry, except for the time her mama's mama slaps her, helps to create a different dynamic. One that allows you to laugh and cry at the same time. You want Ellen to have that family and be happy and not witness all this disappointment and loneliness. By having Ellen be that tough little girl that does, thinks, and says outrageous things makes it easier to read a story about neglect and lost-childhood. It mixes in a couple important laughs and allows you to feel for this child more and more.

In ending Ellen Foster talks about racism, child abuse, foster care, and many other subjects relating to human experiences. It takes you places through a child's eyes that are every child's worst nightmare. It takes a child that feels she should be superior to her only colored friend and makes her see equality, most importantly it takes a lonely child and gives her the love and affection of a parent, a "foster" parent and helps to make Ellen Foster the great coming of age novel that it is.

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Choice

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Alice Munro's, Lives of Girls and Women, Robert Leunig's Sitting on the Fence and related texts; The Insider by Michael Mann and Cock Crow by Rosemary Dobson provided a new insight into the definition and meaning of choice that individuals possess. Each composer highlighted the meaning of choice from their personalized perspectives, however, they all agreed to the core belief that "we must make the ultimate decisions for ourselves" and there are consequences if we do as expected.

In 'Lives of Girls and Women', Munro deals with many issues of choice. Munro emphasizes the importance of choices by focusing each chapter on a choice Del must make. Each chapter begins with a meandering introduction, which creates the framework to Del's anecdote, finally leading to the revealing of an epiphany. By following this structure, Del makes important choices during the text concerning her future, her expression of her gender and her attitude towards sex.

With each of these choices she can either reach her potential or be bogged down. Munro uses the motif of water to show this. "We spent days along the Wawanash River", she used this as the opening line for the text. It becomes a significant symbol to show the drowning of potential of the characters, especially Del. Munro carries this throughout the text to underline the fact that we must make our own decisions, or else, we too will be drowned. This allows responders to focus their attention to how important Del's choices are.

Munro deliberately does not allow the characters around Del to develop and by juxtaposing these unfilled characters with Del, emphasizes the consequences of just conforming to society's expectations. Miss Farris was talented and had a lot going for her, but was drowned in the Wawanash River. Munro uses the motif of water once again to symbolise the washing away of potential. Also, Fern Dogherty had a fabulous voice, despite this, nothing becomes of it. "Fern's style of singing, though admired, was regarded as a hair's breadth from showing off". Munro uses an ironic tone in this statement to reveal Jubilee's mediocrity and also the lack of development of prospective.

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Ada, Del's mother, and Garnet, Del's boyfriend, play a huge role in the development of Del's character. Munro makes these extreme characters influential parts of Del's life and contrasts them to stress the important choice of whether to conform or not. Ada's character rejects her feminine side as she believes it as a disadvantage and relies highly on facts. "What is a person? A large percent of water. Just plain water. Nothing in a person is that remarkable. Carbon. The simplest elements. That's all. It's the way it's put together that's remarkable. We have the heart and lungs. Pancreas. Stomach. Brain. All these things, what are they? Combination of elements." This is proof of the way that Ada thinks is very factual and unemotional. By creating a character like this as a role model to the narrator, responder's are able to see that it isn't necessary to follow in footsteps, rather do what you want because only we can make decisions for ourselves. Del has many opportunities to follow her mother's views, however, Del makes a serious decision when she comes to the epiphany at the end of the chapter, Lives of Girls and Women, and decides to live like a man. "I would have to resist anything she told me with such earnestness. The advice handed out to women, to girls, advice that assumed being female made you damageable, that a certain amount of carefulness and solemn self- protection were called for, whereas men were supposed to be able to go out and take on all kinds of experiences and shuck off what they didn't want and come back proud. Without even thinking about it, I had decided to do the same". This doesn't mean that Del closed off her feminine side totally, instead she opened a new path where she accepted and adapted to both worlds and ultimately decided how she would view the world and herself included.

Garnet presented Del with many choices. He influenced Del in different ways and made alters and bends in her road. 'He took me to see his family. It was a Sunday afternoon. The examinations began on Monday. I said I had to study, and he said, "You can't do that. Momma has already killed two chickens."' Although it seems that she was forced, only Del could have made the final decision and she ultimately chose to sacrifice her education for Garnet, and as a result loses the scholarship. She allows herself to succumb to Garnet's manner time and time again. 'I had to mention it to somebody. "I saw a cat yesterday tearing a bird apart. It was a big striped tom. I don't know where it came from."' This is how Del describes when she had lost her virginity to her mother. Munro uses imagery to convey the helplessness of the situation. Though, finally, when Garnet again tries to take control of another aspect of Del's life she is presented with another choice in her life. He tries to force her into becoming a Baptist. "You have to get Baptized… say you'll get baptized or I'll baptize you anyway". Munro once again uses the motif of water, but more actively when he physically dumps her underneath the surface to highlight the heaviness of the situation and the alternate consequence. By being forced into a religion instead of freely being able to decide Munro allows Del to come to an epiphany "I felt amazement, that anybody could have made such a mistake, to think they had real power over me." This made Del realize that she was the only one who could decide what she really wanted for herself, and nobody, not even the love in her life, could take that little control she had left. Not only does this represent the religious aspect, but also Munro uses this to symbolize the total surrendering of herself into his lifestyle.

Through the motif of water, symbolism, contrasts, and juxtaposition Munro makes it possible to identify Del's choices and her final decisions she makes for herself.

Michael Leunig's Sitting on the Fence presents an aspect of choice. It shows the difficultness of making decision and indecisive nature we can get ourselves into. Leunig divides the one character into two to show this.

"Come sit down beside me

I said to myself"

Although Leunig shows this from his perspective, it exerts the fact that we can not sit on the fence forever but must eventually come to a decision and get ourselves off the fence. Leunig uses the fence as a symbol to signify the divergent roads available.

Leunig made the last word of each stanza, 'sense' and 'fence', rhyme to give the sense of completion at the end. He also placed these two words on its own to show the single decision the character must ultimately make.

Black and white are the only two colours used which represents the two choices and contrasts these colours to show the eventual simple nature of it all.

[What else can I discuss?]

'The Insider' by Michael Mann presents choices in a different manner. This movie uses different techniques to the other texts and is more obvious to detect. Russell Crowe's character, Jack, as an insider to a cigarette company, must decide whether he will reveal their secrets and breach the confidentiality agreement by doing so or not.

The choice is easily seen and known that only he himself can make the decision when Robert DeNiro's character tells Jack "It's up to you. No one can make the decision but you." Mann shoots this scene in a car to show the urgency and rush of the situation. When the weight of the choice is on him and he must ultimately make the choice, Mann shows the scenery of water behind him to denote the calmness on the surface but underneath the unknown is lurking and there are consequences we are not sure of. Like Munro, Mann uses the motif of water, but in a different context. Mann deliberately makes the music fast and upbeat to show the importance and pressure of the situation and create an atmosphere full of tension.

When Jack decides to reveal the secrets and follows them through, he is returned to the previous scene, but this time the water is unsettled and rough. Mann has done this symbolize what will happen in his life. The dark underneath has up risen and ripples of troubles will start a trend. The music now is slow and sorrowful. It shows the character reflecting in the choice just made. This music is carried through to the next scene where he is in his hotel room, the music keeps building with tension with each passing moment and finally, at the climax, the camera is zoomed into a window. Here we are presented with yet another choice. Mann purposely allows the responders to feel the pressure on his shoulders and his world shattering around him. The water droplets on the window begin to fall and run together like sweat to show the heaviness of the situation. As this happens, Man zooms out and blends the background into a happy memory he once had. This makes the option of suicide tempting and alluring. Mann consciously places the correct music throughout each scene to conjure the emotions he is looking for from the responders.

Each decision that Jack must make during the movie is helped and influenced but is always only ultimately up to him. Mann reveals this by using various camera techniques, music to arouse certain emotions and the motif of water, as like Munro. Each scene is carefully positioned to create certain atmospheres and lines of each character are straight forward.

Like Leunig's 'Sitting on the Fence', 'Cock Crow' by Rosemary Dobson, presents the indecisiveness and conflicts of making a choice. Through writing in first person, responders are able to feel the immediacy and personal sense of the poem. "Between the lit house and the town" This introduces the symbolic nature of her conflict. The bridge is also used to convey this.

Dobson uses certain images to illustrate her struggle to come to her final decision. "The dark trees closed me round" and "Only my footsteps held the ground" are two images that reveal her conflict preventing her from going on. Furthermore, this image reveals the contrast of her physically and emotionally.

"Their needs in shutting-to the door", the repetition of 't' sound gives off a harsh impression hence Dobson uses this assonance to emphasise the denying of her own needs.

Dobson presents her anxiety of making the final choice through the line, "And walking up and down the road". Nevertheless, through the breaking of the rhythm pattern in the next line, "Knew myself, separate and alone", responders are able to deduce that it's finally the crisis point and she must finally make the decision.

Moreover, Dobson deliberately makes the rhythm pattern not fully complete giving a sense of unfulfillment once the poem is over.

Finally, Dobson applies the biblical allusion of Cock Crow to display the betrayal of her own needs for her responsibilities.

Despite what she really wants and her personal conflicts, it can be seen that she ultimately decides to choose her family and responsibilities over her personal aspirations.

Therefore, through studying Munro's Lives of Girls and Women, Leunig's Sitting on the Fence, Mann's The Insider and Dobson's Cock Crow, it can be seen through influences, conflicts and much difficultness, we ultimately make decisions for ourselves. Each composer showed this by using various techniques such as, contrasts, juxtaposition, motifs, certain images, biblical allusions and creating the accurate atmosphere. These texts have broadened my outlook on choice and I have finally concluded that whatever my decision, only I, no one else, can make it.

Please note that this sample paper on choice is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on choice, we are here to assist you. Your cheap research papers on choice will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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INSTILLING A NEW VALUE IN ALL MUSIC MAJORS: MUSIC THERAPY

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INSTILLING A NEW VALUE IN ALL MUSIC MAJORS MUSIC THERAPY

If you want to major in music, everyone knows the obvious choices are either performance or education. Many freshman come in with music scholarships-so why not try it out and see? I'm sure that the statistics of people who drop out of the school of music in their first or second year would make any pre-music major think that 'just trying and seeing' a is the way of looking at your college degree. This may not be a serious problem in other majors, like when switching from business to economics, but in the school of music it is a different thing, and can be harmful in many ways. This way of thinking can create general apathy in the classrooms, the studios, and maybe even in the teachers. My freshman year one of my best friends was on a full ride with a flute performance scholarship. She truly hated playing the flute, but since she got the scholarship she was forced into staying in the school of music for years while completing her liberal studies. She eventually failed out of the school of music. The most tragic thing about people like this is when you question whether or not they might have been interested in some other degree in music. Do music majors ever think about using their music talent in new ways-like music history, general music education, commercial music, or even music therapy? Did anyone tell them about other options? Don't we need more people in the workplace, besides teachers, who are passionate about music? The peer influence when one makes a decision in the school of music is shocking. I personally believe that many people stick it out as a music ed major because that is where all their friends are, and to change majors would be like losing their friends, and maybe even their identity. There are people that I believe are only in the school of music because they have received so much love, help, and moral support, that if they dropped out now, (no matter what the reason), they would be 'letting down' a lot of people. And then there are those who think they can't do anything else. Sometimes the opposite can happen-my best friend Jenny dropped out of the school of music, and, I don't think I really wanted to be a teacher anyway, so I'm gonna drop out too.

Naturally many of these situations are unpredictable and unavoidable. I believe there are ways to broaden the thinking of new music majors, and I think a great way is to start with raw experience. Studies show that the best way to learn about something is by doing. For example, I started out as an instrumental music major-what else, of course? It wasn't until my first time observing and interacting in an elementary classroom that I had even considered doing elementary music. Before this experience I was seriously looking at other majors (outside of the School of Music), because I knew that I didn't want to be a high school/middle school teacher, and I didn't think that there was any other choice-everything else in the school of music, especially music therapy, seemed like a pretty risky move and sounded too 'new-agey' for me. The only thing I really knew about them is that many were in a fraternity that sold Chinese food in the breezeway, and that wasn't appealing to me. As petty as that sounds, that is what I honestly thought about it, and no one told me otherwise. Luckily, I was open-minded enough that I asked a few people about the process of being a general music major, and since then I have been much happier and felt much more secure about my future career. In the past few years I have also made friends who are in the music therapy program, and now have an incredible respect and fascination for it. What I'm suggesting is that there can be an opportunity for all music majors to experience one of the most overlooked, and most powerfully effective and exciting, majors in the school of music Music Therapy. So where can we find time to enable music majors to experience music therapy? Two words First Year Experience and Student Recital.

The last thing the School of Music needs to implement on it's undergrads is another requirement. So I humbly suggest that maybe some of the previously mentioned requirements can be altered. The first requirement First Year Experience. The problem with this program is not so much the content, but it's the time it is implemented. The first weeks of a freshman's life is not concerned with how to use the library or the WebLouis. This is the first opportunity for the blossoming, fresh new student to begin his first grumblings about the 'stupid' requirements the school of music makes him do. For many, it is a time when you can pair up with a bunch of your stealth friends and cheat on the research quiz and get it out of the way. By the time you use the WebLouis, you'll have forgotten how your friend got the answers to the test, but, in times of need, it's amazing how quickly you can learn how to use a library. Besides, in most of my classes that require research, my teachers have explained thoroughly how to research our topics, and of them have actually used a class period to give their own personal tour of the music library. I see this 0-15 slot on the first Wednesdays as a perfect time for showcasing all the degree programs FSU's School of Music has to offer. To be fair, the -4 least exposed/understood majors (I'm sure therapy has to be one of them) could be presented and discussed. The head of the department could give a succinct PowerPoint presentation on the statistics of that major, (things young adults are interested in, like salaries, which careers that these majors can hold, traveling opportunities, which ones are good preps for masters, etc) and then show a video of past/present FSU students (or other people, if necessary) active in that major, and then with a testimony about what this career/major means to them. Just recently I watched a crude videotape from the 70's that showed a woman, who could barely carry a tune herself, using music therapy to teach a mentally handicapped boy to tell time. I was in such awe of the role that music played in that teaching style, it was so simple, yet so effective. How powerful would it be to hear about and see someone using his talent in music to nurse mentally ill patients back to health? At the end of the presentation the students in the audience should have a question and answer session, and then receive additional material about that major and contact information in case they have more questions. To be as successful as possible, surveys should be passed out the last Wednesday (can be used for attendance purposes as well) so that students can respond to how effective the presentations were and if it made anybody think about exploring their options in other careers in the school of music.

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The next, more time consuming requirement Student Recital.

I think that it is a wonderful thing when a student can get opportunities to play in front of their teachers and peers. However, it's not so great when a student uses this time to do their homework and catch up on gossip and sleep. I'm not about to suggest how to stop this misbehaving, but more to suggest an alternative performing medium to break up the monotony, and actually get to play for an audience that is probably excited to hear anybody play. During the time in the first weeks a representative (maybe a president, or someone that isn't already helping sell Chinese Food? ) from the music therapy majors can set up a list of slots for people to sign up and perform in a nursing home/hospital. This would be an excellent opportunity for music therapy majors to get first hand experience of scheduling events and creating good Public Relations skills that (I would assume) would help prepare him or her for their future career in music therapy. This would also encourage a lot of creativity in the freshman-they can create any kind of ensemble and play any kind of music (within any guidelines given to them by the coordinator). If the students want to use an ensemble that they are already in, (ex woodwind quintet) then I think that that would be perfectly acceptable. So as not to take up more time from professors, I think that the music therapy students could screen the ensemble before they play. They would also need to be responsible to make sure they have rides arranged. Maybe there could be a Blackboard web site set up for this program, where, in order to receive credit, each member of the ensemble posts a short response about how the performance went, how well it was received, etc. This can be a simple way the overseeing professor can take attendance/grade, etc. I'm not suggesting that this program take the place of Student Recital completely. The first semester could be a test-run, where everyone is required to do this once, and to compensate the time spent doing this, the students can go to one less student recital that was required of them prior. Maybe in the future there could be a trade-off system, where each time you perform in the nursing home it is one less recital credit you need, etc. This program would also set up students for success, which is what many music majors need. So often the only performance music majors have to do (besides playing in a large ensemble) is the high-stress jury at the end of the semester. From my previous experiences, playing in a nursing home is a very -low anxiety performance, which means a high chance for success. Once again, I would like to have data supporting that this is a good use of the student's time. The students should take some surveys with them to the nursing home, and bring them back filled out by a few of the people in the performance to also type into the web site (anonymously). At the end of the semester the overseeing professor should be able to evaluate just by looking on the site whether or not the program was successful. This leads me to one more question Have we seen the research on how student recital effects FSU music students? How do we know that 15 recitals a semester isn't enough? Is it just as important for performance majors to go to as it is for music ed majors? Where do these required numbers come from that gives us a specific number of required student recitals? How come not all studios require student recital attendance, how is that fair? Do we come up with these numbers just because this is how much you can push a student before they self-combust? These questions are a bit extreme, I know, but recently I've been opening my mind to question everything.

I do not know much about music therapy, but I know that our ability to create music is one of the most powerful tools we are given-because we can choose to improve the lives of other people. FSU has an incredible music therapy program already, so how much more could they be appreciated and facilitated if they worked hand in hand with other music students? When music majors get wrapped up in their own little specific world, it creates cliques and encourages small thinking that can easily carry on over to their other spheres of influence, which is possibly their future students. The FSU School of Music has this opportunity to build bridges within it's school and local institutions, and work in cooperation for the betterment of the community-

-and there is nothing quite as valuable then when you give someone the power….to give of themselves.

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Country comparison

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Canada's economic performance compared to the United States is closely similar. Canada is one of the best nations for its economic performance, it exceeds the amount of effort needed to make the country a better place to live. Although the United States is a more powerful country, economy wise, it can still compare with the United States. A countries economy can perform better through increasing Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and inflation, while at the same time decreasing unemployment in the country.

The GDP for the United States has a greater value of 5401, 0 for year 001 then Canada has at 60, 0. Therefore the united states are producing more goods and services causing a more money flow for the states economy.

Canada has a smaller increase in inflation with 1. % then the United States with a .5 % increase that averages from 5 years, 17 001. These increases help prove that Canada has a smaller change in price and services of goods.

The unemployment rate per year for Canada is 7. % while the United States stands at a remarkable 4.8% for year 001. These percentages prove that the United States has a bigger work force, therefore causing the country as a hole to produce more money.

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In conclusion the united states over power the Canadians in economical well being. Although the U.S. makes more money then Canada, Canada spends less on goods and services, therefore evening their economies well being a little more. Although Canada might be at a lower raking then U.S. in economical well being, Canada still ranks as one of the best.

Bibliography

Comparative Table Labour force and Inflation, URL http//www.stat.gouv.qc.ca/donstat/econm_finnc/conjn_econm/compr_inter/pdf/chomage-ang.pdf ,00

Comparative Table - Gross Domestic Product (GDP), URL http//www.stat.gouv.qc.ca/donstat/econm_finnc/conjn_econm/compr_inter/pdf/pib-ang.pdf ,00

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Supplier selection - Case study

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The launch of 000X series of personal computers is a major milestone in the history of Computron Systems Corporation (CSC). The successful launch of this product will add another feather in the cap for CSC and enhance its product portfolio. More importantly this launch marks the transition of CSC from a PC component manufacturer to an integrated PC manufacturer. This launch will not only redefine the way CSC does and conducts its business in future but will also pit CSC against some of the well entrenched competitors such as Dell, Compaq and Gateway. In order to gain a foothold and subsequently gain market share in this product segment, the company has decided to adopt an aggressive strategy of selling high quality computers at affordable cost.

Business Strategy

In order to sustain a high quality low cost product it has been decided to adopt, build to order manufacturing, JIT component inventories, direct sales, and top it off with excellent customer service and technical support. In order to implement the above the company has decided to outsource some essential product components. By outsourcing we aim to capitalize on the technological innovations and the manufacturing expertise offered by outside suppliers and incorporate them into our products to be a strong first mover in the market. Computron's build to order and sell-direct strategy, popularly coined as the Dell strategy, will lead to minimum in-house stock of completed products and inventories. JIT component inventories are very much essential to support the build to order production model being pursued by Computron. The JIT inventory practices that we want to implement at CSC for the production of 000X series will yield major cost advantages and shorten the time for CSC to get new generations of its computer models into the market place. In the same breath we would also like to caution the management of the company that the component suppliers in the PC industry are notorious for the shortages of certain key components that occur from time to time which might drive up the prices. Hence we propose to maintain some units in component inventory yet adopt the JIT component inventories strategy to save cost on manufacturing and pass on this saving to the customers in terms of low product prices.

Supplier Sourcing Strategy

Help with essay on Supplier selection - Case studyMajor emphasis was laid upon the above mentioned business strategies in qualifying the vendors for the DVD drives. This recommendation for supplier selection has taken into account the ability of the supplier to adjust and align their business strategy with that of Computron's. The on time launch of the 000X series, which will be introduced in the market, will bear the seal of Computron. These PC's will not only carry the reputation but also the credibility of CSC as a manufacturer of high quality products with on time customer delivery. Hence major emphasis were laid on factors such as

1.Product quality . Delivery performance. . Cost competitiveness.

4. Responsiveness to needs. 5. Financial condition. 6. Technical and Process capability. 6. Communication and finally long-term partnership potential. 7. Volume capacity.

In order to objectively evaluate the suppliers on the above-mentioned factors a comprehensive evaluation was performed with the help of the following tools such as.

1. Financial risk analysis.

. Total cost analysis.

. Supplier Evaluation & Selection analysis

Detailed quantitative and qualitative data and relevant discussions can be found in appendices 1 .

We have decided upon implementing a two DVD drive supplier strategy in order to offset any risks that might arise in the widely fluctuating demand and supply scenarios and to reduce overall supply base risk. The overall advantages associated with adopting multi sourcing outweigh the financial implications that CSC would bear in the long run, given our anticipated sales and profit margins. CSC being a new player in the PC industry and due to the continuous innovation and technology development that is going on in this sector, where typically a new generation of DVD drives are launched every two years the team would like to impress upon the management to assign medium term contracts for a period of years to each of the individual suppliers and impress upon them the merits of a long term contracts from CSC as long as they maintained their leadership in technology, performance, and quality. This also enables CSC to further evaluate the suppliers over a two year period before a long term contracts are awarded. We would also like to propose that a strategy of variable pricing be adopted in the contract of each of these suppliers because of the decreasing trends in the unit prices for these components depending upon the market demand and supply. For more detailed analysis of the pros and cons of single sourcing versus multi sourcing, awarding long term versus short term contracts please refer to the appendix A. The transportation costs for the finished products will be borne by CSC from the supplier site to CSCs assembly plants but CSC will not assume ownership of the inventory at the supplier's site. We recommend that this clause be added into the contract of the selected suppliers.

Supplier Qualification

Based on our qualitative and quantitative evaluation of each supplier based on the above-mentioned factors (Please refer to attached appendixes 1- & A for detailed information) we have decided to recommend two DVD drive component suppliers. We recommend qualifying and accepting TechLine as our primary DVD component supplier and D-drive as our secondary component supplier. Before going into the reasons for recommending the above two suppliers the team would like to discuss and present our case as to why the other two vendors were rejected.

Nagachi technologies and Park technologies both located in Asia are two large and reputable manufacturers of the DVD drives though both offered competitive prices and carry a reputation for high quality products they were side stepped in favor of the two selected customers because of such findings of the team.

Nagachi Tech already is running at near full capacity and also the team observed that Nagachi is a big player in the DVD drive market and caters to most of CSC's competition and market leaders in the PC industry. The team had doubts about how Nagachi would align itself to the business strategies and requirements of a newcomer such as CSC. According to current market trends and forecasts, CSC's requirements for DVD drives is typically around 500,000 units for the first year and a marginal growth there after, amounting to $75 million which seemed very unattractive to Nagachi Tech because of its business model suited to being a high volume supplier. The financial health of the company with respect to the other suppliers also caused some concerns among us. (Appendix1). On the other hand Park Technologies was rejected due to higher total cost (Appendix) and longer lead times when compared to the suppliers in the group.

The physical location of the manufacturing sites of both the above mentioned companies and other barriers such as communication which will come into play when CSC will require technical support especially in a built to order strategy being implemented at CSC weighed heavily against both these companies.

We evaluated all the DVD drive suppliers under the assumption that a long term strategic partnership can be developed between CSC and them, under current circumstances and situations mentioned above we believe that the above two suppliers will not add any strategic value to CSC's launch and success of the 000X series of PC's.

We very strongly believe that the two selected suppliers D-Drive and Techline will add value to the lean supply chain system being implemented at CSC and recommends that these companies be pursued by CSC to build a long term strategic partnership as CSC's DVD drive suppliers as long as they maintain their market leadership, quality, invest in R&D and deliver on costs. One on the main reasons for both these companies, Techline and D-Drive being selected is their physical proximity to the manufacturing plants of CSC. This heavily favored into their side because this would enable CSC to implement its JIT component inventories and build to order strategy. Also the physical proximity and the absence of any language issue will help us in providing and getting greater technical assistance and support from both these companies and help CSC better serve its customers. Over all the management and personnel of both these companies impressed upon us that they were willing to align themselves according to CSCs business strategy in launching the 000x series. The team was impressed by the quality of the products and their leadership in innovation and their commitment to technology development in the DVD drive industry. The team was also impressed on evaluation of the fiscal health (Appendix1) and the manufacturing capabilities of both these companies. The lower total cost being offered by both these companies favored them in being selected as CSC's suppliers. The high volume ramp up time and product lead time for both these suppliers are in line for the time period at which CSC plans to introduce the 000X series of PCs into the market.

We intend to offset risk of maintaining low inventories and a lean supply chain by having supplier contracts with two reliable component suppliers. By giving a percentage of CSCs DVD drive requirements to both the suppliers, CSC will be assured of getting the volume of components it needs on a timely basis even when the overall market demand for a particular component temporarily exceeds the overall market supply. On the assumptions based on the projected sale of 1.1 million PC units at an average cost of $1500 and an industry profit margin of 5% the team estimates the a profit of $80 million. The approximate cost for two suppliers is estimated at an additional $4 million, which includes tooling, quality non-conformance, volume-price adjustment and vendor management costs. We believe that these costs incurred by CSC are reasonable for given sales & profit margins and are essential to offset the risk for the supply chain strategy that CSC intends to employ at the launch of 000X series of PCs.

We intend to buy the volumes of first two months completely from Techline and then phase in D-drive gradually after that considering the ramp up and lead time requirements at D-Drive. This will allow the launch of the 000X series without a hitch. We believe that a 70% of our inventory order be given to TechLine systems because of their proven track record in on time delivery product quality and their efforts to implement a JIT production system. On the same note we also propose that the remaining proportion of inventory order be given to D-Drive to get this company onboard as one of the suppliers. The team has been impressed by the product quality, technological innovations, their R&D efforts and their management's commitment to align themselves with CSCs strategy. Yet D drive is small company and we believe that this company might still have to fine-tune their manufacturing abilities to meet the demands of the CSCs order. The team believes that by striking a strategic partnership with D drive in terms of improving their production capabilities and product quality CSC might benefit in the long run. We believe that by investing in a strategic partnership with D drive and using them as a second source of DVD drives CSC can micro manage the risk of having a JIT inventory and lean supply chain. The threat of second supplier will also check the actions of Techline and keep them from making any business decision such as costs that might adversely affect CSC.

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Police are to harsh

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Police are to harsh on Car Modifications

Its every guys Dream to own a car, and because of petrol prices are constantly on the rise most guys are opting for the lest powerful 4 Cylinder models instead of the larger and more powerful V6 or V8s

But still wanting the same amount of power those guys have begun to modify there engines to create more power, even up to times the amount of power as the same model that hasn't been modified

Because of the power to weight ratio these smaller capacity engines don't need to produce as much power to be as quick off the mark

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police are constantly pulling modified cars over to see if the modifications are up to standard, if not police will defect the car and the car will need to have the modifications removed

But because the police aren't specially trained to inspect these modification most of the time the cars that have been modified and are up to standard are still defected

Some of the reasons police defect these cars has to do with the environment

This would be understandable if it was true but it is practically imposable because the smaller capacity engines burn less fuel then the larger engines or older style carburetor engines this is also imposable because to produce those larger amount of power those cars need to run on a leaner fuel which also creates less pollution

Some modifications are designed to stiffen the chase and lower the center of gravity

These are done to make the car safer to drive they have nothing to do with the performance of the car but still police pull these cars over and slap on a defect

The last type of modification has to do with the appearance and aerodynamics of the car

Things like front and rear bars, side skirts and rear wings all improve the aerodynamics of the car and like mentioned before make the car safer to drive because of down force created helps the car hold the road better

Anyone that drives a car that falls into that category and is pulled over

Is Guilty until proven innocent I doesn't matter if the modification are done to Australian standards but if the police officer doesn't agree he will defect your car

it can be fought out in court and most of the time you will be proven innocent because as police officers don't have enough training in that department and most of the time just make a judgment on the spot

I hope you will now understand that police have been to harsh on people that modify there cars and with your support maybe 1 day it will be corrected and those people will be treated fairly

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Commodity exchanges

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Futures

Are contracts to buy or sell a fixed quantity and quality of a particular commodity for delivery at a fixed date in the future at a fixed price.

Forward contract

The seller undertakes to provide the client with a fixed amount of a commodity on a fixed future date at a fixed price. Help with essay on commodity exchangesDifference between futures and forward contract

The former is a once-only deal (while futures contracts are standardized contracts), which cannot be closed out by a matching transaction.

Need for future trading

•To improve the price discovery process in the commodity.

More transparency because now farmers will have complete access to information and hence will get a better price for their produce

No monopoly because more no. of players would be involved in the trading

•To facilitate the management of risk which can lead to efficient management of resources

Preconditions for future trading

•A stable and credible currency,

•Reliable credit markets,

•Existence of financial institutions,

•A system that can enforce repayment rules and provisions for liquidation in cases of bankruptcy.

Prerequisites for commodity market

•Storage and delivery facilities

•Quality control systems and agencies Clearing House

•Facility for trading

•Large number of participants

•Team of surveyor and assessors

•Dissemination of information relating to trading

Benefits of commodity exchange

Economic benefits by

•Price discovery and hedging

•Improved Export Competitiveness

•Reduced processing margin risks

•Indirect benefit to farmers

•Facilitates access to credit

•Improved product standards

Benefits to traders, farmers and banks

•Traders Inventories to trading instruments, lower cost of credit, shorter supply chain

•Farmers Storage, Loans, Reduced risks

•Banks Reduced risk in Loans, More business

Online trading mechanism

•Transparency in governance and functioning of the exchange.

•Information dissemination without delay to the offerors and the bidders simultaneously.

•Convergence of all the offers and bids emanating from all over the country in a Single Electronic Order Book of the Exchange

About the exchange

•Incorporated in December 001 to meet the challenges of globalization

to link the system so that trading could be conducted from any part in the country. The system has a central database and a trading sub-system.

•A clearing and risk-detecting mechanism is built into it.

•It provides efficient trading, clearing and settlement facilities

•Target turnover 1500 crore

Main promoters

•Central Warehousing Corporation (CWC),

•National Agricultural Co op. Marketing Federation of India Limited (NAFED),

•Gujarat Agro Industries Corporation Limited (GAICL),

•National Institute of Agricultural Marketing (NIAM),

•Gujarat State Agricultural Marketing Board (GSAMB) and

•Neptune Overseas Limited

CWC Warehouse receipt system

•Warehouse receipt system Established to boost the trading activity in the commodities, delivery in the underlying commodities.

•Warehouse Receipt issued by a Warehouse Man to a person depositing goods in the warehouse.

•CWC, Other potential warehouses complying with modern and standard requirements for preservation of standardized / graded commodities as may be guided by CWC

Features of the exchange

•Convergence of all the offers and bids emanating from all over the country in a Single Electronic Order Book of the Exchange ensuring equal access to all intermediaries.

•Participation of diverse interests like Importers, Exporters, Growers, Brokers, Traders, etc., using an electronic training system providing a fair, efficient and transparent commodities market. ( Exhibit-1)

•Fair Trading Practice ensured through checks and balances built-in in the System.

•Virtual Trading Environment using the-state-of- art information technology through an appropriate communication networking.

•Efficient, Guaranteed Clearing, Settlement & System enabling book entry settlement.

•Warehouse Receipt System based Delivery of Underlying Commodities meeting the current international standards, its endeavor is to fulfill its mission in letter and spirit.

•Real Time Price & Trade Data Dissemination

Commodities traded

•Cotton, castor, Safflower, Groundnut, Rape, mustard, Sunflower, cotton, sesame, Copra, Coconut, sugar, Crude palm oil, Soybean, vanaspati, rubber.

•Seeds, oil, Oil cakes

Regulation

•Forward Contracts (Regulations) Act 15

•The Essential Commodities Act - to control the production, supply and distribution of essential commodities. All agricultural commodities fall under the provisions of this Act.

Trading at NMCEIL

•Order driven Traders submit orders, matched against the existing orders in the order book

•Trading on anonymous basis without disclosing the counterparty.

•This provides transparency to the trading system.

•Trading members identify the clients on whose behalf the orders are placed or else the orders are accounted to their own account.

•Trading systems provides a time stamp for each order entered and trades executed.

•Trust based rather than rule based

Clearing and settlement systems

•In house clearing Connected to all the Clearing Members and the Clearing Banks

•surveillance, control, margining and clearing & settlement

•provides guarantee of financial performance of outstanding contracts to its clearing members

Membership

•Individuals, registered firms, corporate bodies and institutions

•Graduation, two years of experience

•Net worth- 50 Lakhs

•Paid up capital- 0 lakh

Rules and regulations

Contract Specifications The Quality specification in terms of Agmark specifications and grades

Price Quotation The units of commodity in which the price will be quoted.

Trading The units of commodity in which it will be traded per contract.(i.e. Price Quotation multiplied by multiplier factor)

Tick size The variation in the price quotation allowed on the Exchange.

Trading cycle example

Base price of the Futures Contracts previous day's closing value of the spot market. and on subsequent trading days will be the daily settlement price of the futures contracts.

Circuit breaker There will be a .5% band above or below the last closing price of the contract, to be extendable after 1 hour subject to receipt of online margin.

Off- Market deals/Negotiated Deals Not permitted in the system.

Password Every trader has a password it has an expiry date.

Every trading member of the Exchange shall be allowed to designate users as approved users

Fee structure

Annual subscription will be Rs.10,000/-

Transaction charges will be paise per Rs. 100/- with a minimum amount of Rs. 5,000/- per month per clearing/trading member.

Maintenance charges for the VSAT Rs. ,500/- per month per VSAT

Functioning of the exchange

DEALS Deals executed on the Exchange are eligible to be cleared and settled through the Exchange and shall be called Admitted Deals'

SETTLEMENT OF DEALS Admitted deals executed on a trading day, shall be cleared and settled on a netted basis, at the end of each day, as prescribed under the relevant regulation.

SETTLEMENT PROCEDURE Payment into the Exchange shall be made on the net of contracts and liabilities into the settlement account maintained by the Exchange before the commencement of the trading of the next day.

Pay-outs shall be made by the Exchange the same day.

Daily settlement price shall be the closing price of the commodity Futures Contracts of the trading day. Initially the closing price for each commodity futures contract shall be calculated as the weighted average of last 5 trades during last half an hour for that commodity futures contract

Final settlement price shall be the closing price the series of the commodity on the last trading day of the futures contract.

Base Capital

Minimum Base Capital

A Member is required to meet with the Minimum Base Capital requirements prescribed by the Exchange before activation as a Member.

Additional Base capital

As the initial security deposit is too low to cover the potential exposure of the Member, those Member who are willing to take higher exposure limits, can provide further security to the Exchange by way of cash, fixed deposit receipt, bank guarantee and pledge of securities

Initial Margins

Amount a trader should place with his broker at the time he places an order to buy or sell a futures contract

Various kinds of trading markets at the exchange

•Ready delivery market

Cash trade Same day settlement

Spot Trades Settled on third day

Weekly trades 6th day settlement

•Specific delivery market

Delivery obligation maturing beyond a period of 11 days

Counter party is known

•Futures Market

•All contracts are settled on daily basis at the daily settlement price till the final delivery of commodity on the expiry date.

•Auction Market to close out the positions of the members who have failed to pay-in their obligations

Other exchange associations in India

•In all there are around 18 such associations

•Only one association is recognized in a city or region for forward contracts in any single commodity group, with the view to minimize competition between associations.

•They have to apply for recognition from the Central Government

Their user composition

•Similar to western exchanges Nearly half of the trade is estimated to be speculative, conducted by day-traders contributing to the liquidity

•Rest is hedging with traders being the most active

•Farmers in India rarely use futures markets directly co-operatives, intermediaries, traders.

•Operate in regulated markets.

•Commission agents provide information and intermediating risk management transactions.

•Regulatory barriers prevent co-operatives from using commodity exchanges.

•Traders- very little share- poor access to credit

•Exporters- low exchange liquidity

•Brokers are most active

Other online exchanges

•London FOX London Commodity Exchange (LCE) cocoa, coffee, sugar, rubber, potatoes and grain

•CBOT- Chicago board of Trade maize, soya beans, crude soya bean oil, soya bean meal, oats

•Coffee, Sugar and Cocoa Exchange (CSCE)

Agmarknet

•It provides prompt and reliable information about what is happening in the market, what quantities are arriving and what prices are quoted

•It will enable farmers to take market based decisions and benefit other market users as well.

Survey

The survey was conducted by means of personal and online interviews by means of a questionnaire (Exhibit- ) to get an idea about how the trading and pricing decisions are made by them, the various factors being taken into consideration etc. A sample size of 10 was taken for the purpose.

The following were the various factors identified through the survey, which help traders in taking decisions about the pricing of the commodities

•crop seasons, harvest time

•When new crop is expected to come in mandi

•what is the crop estimation

•Festival season

•Time and trends of world markets.

•Factors influencing the decision of bidding.

•time of the year

•crop variety

•international trends

•natural calamities

The information is collected by the following means

•Information is all based on local level and on net where the international markets Trends can be seen and also consultants (market experts).

•Past trends of the commodity available on net or through journals or just being vigilant

•Fluctuations in the environment

Further suggestions

•Grading is one aspect which was emphasized by almost all the respondents, i.e. the commodities being traded must be available in graded form such the traders can take better decisions about the pricing and also will be more sure about the kind of quality they are going to get.

•Technical difficulties are faced by the traders who trade online. Because they are not very well verse with the computers and also the whole VSAT system being used.

Please note that this sample paper on commodity exchanges is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on commodity exchanges, we are here to assist you. Your cheap research papers on commodity exchanges will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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College Essay- the most important person in my family

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When I had to write about the most important person in my family, I didn't even have to think twice about my dad. When I was little, my dad always made time for my volleyball games and activities. My dad is such an inspiration because I know that no matter what happens, he will always be proud. I know my dad will always be by my side pushing me to do my best, with words of encouragement.

I have gone through some difficult times where my dad has given me guidance and has helped me to be more focused on my goals and trying to accomplish what I set out to do. We discuss my problems, try to put them in the right perspective, and deal with them the right way.

He knew the importance of success and helped me get through disappointments I've had with volleyball. What I didn't always realize is that while I may have given up on myself, my dad never did. He always stood by my side supporting and encouraging me. For example, three years ago my dad sacrificed his money and time for me to be in volleyball club. He gave up several hours of work to drive me to practice and games, while staying to watch me play. He never missed one game, and was always been there to back me up and give me motivation.

My dad has worked hard to help my sisters and me succeed in life. When I struggle with things and doubt my ability to get through something, he is always there to guide me to the right path. Even when my dad is exhausted after a long day at work, he makes time for me and lets me know how much he really loves me. These are just a few of the many things me dad does that make him special to me.

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Iraq

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IRAQ CRISIS

FOR

I am supportive of the war on Iraq as Saddam Hussein is an evil dictator who should not have being able to gain power. What he does to the general public is disgusting and in-humane. Also he is defiant to the U.N. (United Nations) and has failed to destroy "the weapons of mass destruction" which he has in his possession. After years of dispute within the U.N George W Bush pushed for action in Iraq. Finally on the twentieth of March 00 George W Bush and his allies (John Howard and Tony Blaire) issued the attack against Saddam's regime.

The main reason I am for the war is due to the fact that Saddam has the power to kill millions of people, also that he does not treat the people of his country with the respect they deserve. Also to his family and Saddam the law does not exist. An example of that is with his oldest son Suedai who has substantial evidence against him for crimes such as rape, yet no punishment has being dealt to him. This is not away for a law to run. All these problems should be fixed. Help with essay on IraqEvidence for all these problems has being shown in the media. And this is evidence enough for me.

Against

The main and most important reason I am against the war on Iraq is because even with every caution the soldiers take they will still kill innocent Iraqi civilians. Also the war will or may bring terrorism to Australia. The war will also destroy the civilians houses, there work, there schools and there livelihood. This will cause famine and maybe also a civil war between the Iraq's towns and cities. The war may even cause disputes within the U.N and from that World War three could start.

Most of my reasons have come from me sitting down and looking at each possible outcome. Even though they might not happen, what if they do, tats another problem with this war there are to many 'what ifs.' And even though America, Britain and Australia are the most powerful in this war but something most likely will go wrong and an example of that would be Saddam being more powerful then they anticipated. Then people will die, heroes to their country will die, and to us they are just people but to others they are friends, brothers, sisters, sons, daughters, fathers, mothers, nephews, nieces or cousins. And only if its one person in the hearts of the loved ones it will be more.

Please note that this sample paper on Iraq is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Iraq, we are here to assist you. Your cheap research papers on Iraq will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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The Babylonian Code of Hammurabi and the Yuan Code written by the Mongols are comparable because of similarities between the two reigns of Hammurabi and Kubilai Khan.

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Many civilizations have formed their own legal systems to ensure justice among their citizens. Law codes are a must for any society that needs to keep the peace among its citizens. They settle conflicts with the goal of preventing feuds between citizens. Two such law codes are those of Hammurabi and the Yuan Dynasty. In both, death remained the number one punishment and was used often for many crimes. Physical punishment was also more popular than repayment. As societies became more civilized, law codes remained barbaric.# Aside from being barbaric there were differences in punishments concerning the different genders. Status differences appear in the law codes as well as gender differences. Women and slaves were treated differently than the free men of the society, although punishments for both men and women were still harsh. Many things are reflected through Hammurabi's Law Code and the Yuan Law Code. The writer's values, legal equality or lack thereof, consumer protections, the differences between pre-meditated and involuntary manslaughter and more, are all apparent within the law codes. The Babylonian Code of Hammurabi and the Yuan Code written by the Mongols are comparable because of similarities between the two reigns of Hammurabi and Kubilai Khan.

Hammurabi was the sixth Amoritic king of Babylon and he reigned between the Tigris and Euphrates. With a series of military campaigns he extended his control over Sumer, Akkad, and far to the north and northwest of Mesopotamia.# His reign lasted from approximately 17 B.C.E. to 1750 B.C.E. Two reasons for expanding into

Mesopotamia were the need for vital resources and the need for trade.# Because of the Amorites, Mesopotamian society changed. City-states shifted to territorial states, long

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distant trade relations grew, and Hammurabi changed the social structure in order to support his army.# There were three social classes.# The first class consisted of royalty, high ranking officials, warriors, priests, merchants, and some artisans and shopkeepers. They were the free, landowners. The second class included dependant farmers and artisans who were legally bound to land that belonged to the king, temple, or elite families. They provided the bulk of the work force for the rural estates and temple complexes. The last is the slave class and they were employed for domestic services. Slaves usually came from mountain tribes and they were either captured in war or sold by slave traders.# There was also another category for slaves which contained people who were unable to pay off a debt. Most information known about Mesopotamian society is biased because the written sources are the product of male scribes and most of the information reflects male elite activities.# There is only limited information on the attitudes towards the roles women played in society. It is assumed that women remained in the homes and raised the children because hunting and farm work required physical labor, which was usually done by men. Because women gave care to the children, anthropologists theorize that women were prevented from gaining the specialized skills of the scribe or artisan.# Society in China, under the Yuan Dynasty, was similar to the Mesopotamian society and the Kubilai Khan reign has many similarities to Hammurabi's.

In 17 China fell under the alien-rule of the Mongols.# Like Hammurabi and the

Amorites, Khubilai Khan and the Mongols were nomadic. The Mongols traveled to different territories, such as China and Japan, to conquer them and to rule over them.

Khubilai's main objective however was to restore the unity of the Chinese realm.# In 165 he made Beijing his new capital and in 171 he declared himself founder of the Yuan Empire.# Both the Mongols, under Khubilai's rule, and the Amorites, under Hammurabi's rule, changed the societies they conquered. In China, all regional regimes were destroyed and the restoration of many features of Chinese government and society were encouraged.# All aspects of life in China changed with the new Mongolian control. The Mongols redistricted China for purposes of census taking and administration and China was organized in to provinces that were much larger than earlier units had been.# Like the Amorites, the Mongols had different social classes. Although the classes were different, they were definitely present. The status of individuals, by law, was dictated by where their ancestors had come from. The highest social rankings belonged to the Mongols and they made up the conquering caste; next in line were the Central Asians and Middle Easterners who held the highly valued political functions of census taking, tax collection, and managing the calendar.# Below the Central Asians and Middle Easterners were the northern Chinese, and finally the southern Chinese.# According to J. J. Saunders, "The resentment of the educated at Mongol rule no doubt explains the policy of racial segregation practiced by the conquerors."# Both the Yuan Law Code as well as Hammurabi's Law Code reflect the societies different social classes as well as the gender differences.

Hammurabi's Law Code was inscribed on a big piece of black basalt. It contains

8 laws that deal with court procedures, thefts, slaves, crafts, land tenure, farming, wives, family and domestic life, trade, and consumer protection.# Death was the most

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serious punishment and was used often. Most of the punishments are "eye for an eye" type punishments. Some examples include laws 15-17

"15. If a man strike his father, they shall cut off his hand.

16. If a man destroy the eye of another man, they shall destroy his eye.

17. If he break a man's bone, they shall break his bone." #

Under Hammurabi's law code, penalties depended on the class of the offender and the most severe punishments were reserved for the lower classes.# Law 18 states

"If he destroy the eye of a common man or break a bone of a common man, he shall pay one mana of silver."#

In this law the " eye for an eye" assessment doesn't apply. The common man does not get the same treatment as a male member of the free, landowning class. The laws reflect the differences in gender as well as the differences in status. Women are treated as second citizens and they are not treated as equals in the Hammurabi's law code. If, for example, a women claims to hate her husband and she does not want him to have her, her past is questioned. If she does not have a past then she is free of blame and she can take her dowry and live with her father. Her husband receives no punishment for "going out and greatly belittling her" but if she does have a past of "belittling her husband' and if she is not free from sin then she would have been thrown into the water.# Clearly men received better treatment from the law code than women did. In the Yuan Law Code, men also were treated differently than women and there were also different punishments depending on the status of the offender. As well as being bias the Yuan Code is also barbaric like Hammurabi's Law Code.

The Yuan Law Code contains many laws concerning killing and fighting. Almost all of the laws punish killing with the death penalty as well as compensation. If a person

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kills another person they are punishable by death and their family must pay funeral expenses of the murdered.# There are exceptions to this. If a man kills someone who was flirting with his wife then he would have received a punishment one degree less than the death penalty.# The laws from the Yuan Dynasty reflect a violent society where fights and murder occur often. The punishments themselves are also barbaric and if it is not the death penalty then the offender usually receives a set amount of blows. In the Yuan Dynasty women received harsher punishments for crimes than the men did. The laws reflect how women were treated as second citizens as they were in the Mesopotamian society. A father can murder his married daughter, if she has committed a serious offense, and instead of receiving a punishment of death he will only receive 57 blows while the husband of the deceased is entitled to receive a full refund for the amount he paid for her.# Women were treated as if they were just simply pieces of property and the father was punished as if he stole the property. In another example if a father kills his son and happens to kill his daughter in law he will receive only 77 blows and her dowry would have been returned to her parents.# Laws pertaining to slaves were also equally unfair. Slaves ,although not on the same level as women, were treated just as poorly. An example of two laws concerning slaves show that the death of a slave is not as important as the death of a free man

"57. If a person kills his or her slave who has been faultless, he or she will punished by 87 blows. If he or she is in a state of drunkenness when the killing takes place, the punishment will be reduced by one degree.

58. If a person beats to death a slave who is about to gain his or her freedom, the offending person

will be punished by 77 blows."#

The laws were brutal and offensive, especially concerning the treatment of women and

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slaves as if they were property. Both law codes present seemingly inhuman punishments.

The Law Code of Hammurabi and the Yuan Law Code are very similar even though there is a difference of four thousand years between the two. Law codes reflect that societies continued to treat women as second citizens as well as slaves. Both Hammurabi and Khubilai Khan were nomadic and they both expanded their territory into larger regions of land. In order to keep their control over their new expansions they formed law codes to govern the citizens and maintain justice. The different social structures from both civilizations are revealed in the law codes. There are wealthy land owning classes, lower working classes that work for the king, common men, and slaves. Each of these different social standings are punished differently and the fairness of punishment decreases as the class of men decreases.

Bibliography

Bottero, Jean. Mesopotamia Writing, Reasoning, and the Gods. Chicago The University of Chicago Press, 1.

Bulliet, Richard W., Pamela Kyle Crossley, Daniel R. Headrick, Steven W. Hirsch, Lyman L. Johnson, and David Northrup. The Earth And It's Peoples A Global History. Boston Houghton Mifflin Company, 001.

Oppenheim, A. Leo, Ancient Mesopotamia Portrait of a Dead Civilization. Chicago The University of Chicago Press, 164.

Prawdin, Michael. The Mongol Empire It's Rise and Legacy. London Bradford and Dickens, 18.

Riley, Philip F., Frank A. Gerome, Robert L. Lembright, Henry A. Myers, and Chong-Kun Yoon. The Global Experience Readings in World History to 1550. New Jersey Prentice Hall, 00.

Saggs, H. W. F., The Greatness that was Babylon. New York Hawthorn Books, Inc., 16.

Saunders, J. J., The History of the Mongol Conquests. Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania Press, 171.

Please note that this sample paper on The Babylonian Code of Hammurabi and the Yuan Code written by the Mongols are comparable because of similarities between the two reigns of Hammurabi and Kubilai Khan. is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on The Babylonian Code of Hammurabi and the Yuan Code written by the Mongols are comparable because of similarities between the two reigns of Hammurabi and Kubilai Khan., we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on The Babylonian Code of Hammurabi and the Yuan Code written by the Mongols are comparable because of similarities between the two reigns of Hammurabi and Kubilai Khan. will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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