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Describe popular culture in the 160s
The 160s saw many changes in Britain, it was a prolonged period when people felt that their troubles were behind them, after 0 years of gloom. Because many couples had put off having children during the war, there was a big boom in birthrate between the years of 145 and 147. These baby boomers were in their middle teens at the beginning of the 160s, and it is they who remember the decade with the most affection.
The 160s were a decade of change, and changes in the media industry included the introduction of colour supplements and tabloid newspapers. Teen magazines appeared for the first time in 161, and the most successful ones were Honey and 1, which provided information about the latest trends regarding clothes, style and music. Underground magazines also began appearing in the early 60s, appearing first in 161, and featured its first gag cover in 16. Their pictures were anarchic in style, frequently being printed out of focus or super-imposed and the type was laid unconventionally, appearing diagonally or even upside-down.
Music itself didnt change much in the early 60s, the music still included sentimental lyrics and catchy tunes that the older generation didnt disapprove of. The real change was in technology, the invention of the 7 single in the middle of the decade meant music was now cheaper to buy and lighter and easier to carry around. Teenagers could carry music around with them and that singles could be played it jukeboxes, making it easier for teens to catch up with the latest songs. Popular artists of the early 60s were influenced very heavily by America, and Cliff Richard, Tommy Steele and Billy Fury all tended to copy American trends and produce cover versions of American hits.
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Despite the success of the aforementioned artists, the real success story of the 160s music scene were the Beatles, to many people they were the sixties, and became the heroes of many teenagers. Although a talented band who had been playing together for a number of years, they were not successful till they went under the guidance of Brian Epstein. It was Epstein who made them wear suits with no lapels and cut their hair in a pudding basin style, inventing the Beatle hair style and Beatle jacket. The Beatles wrote their own music, creating a unique blend of rhythm and blues, rock and roll and Tamala Motown, it was this unique style that set them apart from so many of their counterparts. Their realistic lyrics captured the imaginations of teenagers around the world who adopted them as an icon of the victory of youth over old age, of new over old. The success of the Beatles meant that it became respectable to have an accent that didnt come from the Home Counties. They also inspired the Mersey Sound, Fredddie and the Dreamers, The Merseybeats and Jerry and the Pacemakers.
The Rolling Stones started out similiar to the Beatles, but by 164 they had ditched their stage uniforms, their stage acts became wilder, their lyrics and behaviour grew more outrageous,their hair had grown their hair longer and they sparked horror in the older generation like no group ever had before. Their songs carried obvious sexual undertones, and explicitly discussed drug use, which endeared them to girls who found the Beatles a bit too cute.
Radio and television paid little attention to pop music. Six Five Special and Juke Box Jury tended to cater for older tastes. Television was, however, quicker to react to the changing style of music than radio. ITV began to broadcast Ready, Steady, Go and the BBC broadcasted Top of the Pops, both shows became hugely successful. Ready, Steady, Go was described as magic, compulsory viewing. It gave teenagers feeling of freedom, excitement and youth. Cathy McGowan became a heroine for thousands of young girls, who copied her hair and style of dress. These shows were so successful because they were the only chances teenagers had to hear pop music, and if they missed these shows, that was it for the whole week. Teenagers couldnt afford to miss these shows because there was no opportunity to hear pop music on the radio, there were only three BBC radio channels in the early 160s , and no commercial stations. The only way teenagers could listen to hit music was to tune into Radio Luxembourg, or the pirate Radio Caroline, both of which played non stop pop music and catered especially for teens, using different formats and presenters completely diffirent to those of any other station.
Television broadcasting had undergone a dramatic change during the previous decade, which continued into the 160s. At the beginning of the 150s, the BBC was dominated by the ideas of John Reith who wanted broadcasting to be educational, and in the early 50s most programmes educated viewers, and the timetable included cookery and gardening programmes as well as plays. Programmes stopped from 6p.m to 7p.m as part of a toddlers truce to allow parents to put children to bed properly with a story. The introduction of commercial television in 155 was a dramatic change. There were adverts on TV, as well as programmes brought over from the USA such as I love Lucy and westeners such as Wagon Train. The first gameshows also appeared at this time, Take your Pick was amongst the most popular. Commercial television became very popular because it meant people didnt have to think, they were just entertained.
By the early 60s, television was still dominated by the older generation, and regional accents were unheard of on TV. This was all about to change with the birth of soap operas. The first was ITVs Coronation Street which began in 160. At first it was highly critisized for its content and the effect it had on its viewers, because it showed life as it was, rather than as it could be. This began a trend in 160s televison, and was followed by Steptoe and Son and The Likely Lads broadcast in 16 and 164 respectively, which showed the successes and failures of working class people trying to break out of their routines.
There was a similiar problem with films of the time, they didnt portray life realistically, and tended to centre on middle class people living affluent lifestyles. Most of the films in the late 50s and early 60s were epics with big budgets or classical or biblical stories. Films of the time were intended to appeal to a mass audience. Like music, film was also dominated by the USA.
Fashion was also revolutionised in the 160s. Mary Quant was one of the most important designers of the decade, she wanted to create clothes that allowed people to run, tojump, to leap, to retain their precious freedom. This was an incredibly refreshing view on fashion, when the fashion of the 150s required women to force themselves into corsets and girdles to achieve a particular shape, and skirts were calf length and puffed out with layers of petticoats. The fasion became to look as young as possible, and naively unsophisticated, these clothes allowed teenagers to be teenagers, and not miniature clones of their parents. However, the look that began as a statement of the individuality of youth, soon became a uniform and the fashion moved on. The most important aspect of fashion in the 160s was that nothing lasted long and trends moved quickly.
Pop-art was a movement that emerged in the late Fifties as a reaction to the seriousness given to abstract impressionism. It attempted to fuse elements of popular and high culture. The main artists involved in the movement were Roy Lichtenstein, Allen Jones, Tom Wesselman, John McHale and, of course, Andy Warhol and David Hockney. Their style was simplistic, reducing a subject to its lowest common denominator and then converting it with exaggerated colour to express abstract formal relationships. Possibly the best known examples of this were Warhols silk-screen paintings that made use of monotony and repetition such as the images of Marilyn Monroe and Elvis, but many other of the more famous pictures involved everyday objects such as soup tins, cans of baked beans, Coca Cola bottles and the dollar bill. Both types of image appealed to the rebellious nature of Sixties youth, being the antithesis of the older generations concept of art and hardly a teenagers bedroom wall didnt sport pop or op art posters in some form or other.
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