Snow Falling on Cedars

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Literature aims to entertain and inform, discuss this quotation with reference to a novel you have studied.

The aim of literature is to entertain and inform. We see this in the novel 'Snow Falling on Cedars' by David Guterson. Guterson uses stylistic language techniques to capture the reader and involve them in the text. By integrating flash backs into the murder mystery genre, the characters are made three dimensional, and the reader becomes involved. The story informs the reader by integrating important themes into the text.

Literature aims to entertain. 'Snow Falling on Cedars' is entertaining because it is written in such a way that the reader becomes involved with the characters. Guterson uses metaphors of the surrounding area, to give insight into the characters. For example, the radiator in the courtroom is sluggish and slow to get started, and is in a state of disrepair. This is a metaphor for the townsfolk, and by using it, Guterson has made the reader link the two together. Through using descriptive metaphors in the early stages of the book, when the same character traits are brought up later, they already feel familiar to the reader. The book is well written in the murder mystery genre, which creates suspense. The plot draws and captivates the reader. Guterson integrates flashbacks from different character perspectives, which make the murder mystery more intriguing. These flashbacks hold in them vital clues and insights to the plot and the reader is forced to think. The layers of plot are gradually built up, giving the book a three dimensional quality. Subtle clues given by the author create a question about Kabuo's innocence. This question creates curiosity in the mind of the reader, who is entertained by the suspense and drama, and finally the conclusion.

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Literature also aims to inform. Through different characters experiences in 'Snow Falling in Cedars', Guterson subtly informs the reader of several strong themes. The rising snowstorm is a metaphor for the building tension between the two communities on the island, and through this and Ishmael and Hatsue's relationship we are shown racial tension. Through Carl and Kabuo's lost friendship, Ishmael's missing arm, Whaley's personality, and the racial prejudice shown by the townsfolk, we are shown the impacts of war, both on communities and individuals. These are the prominent themes in the book, although Guterson weaves several others in as well. Through the suggested incompetence of the lawyers and law enforcers, and the run down courtroom, Guterson questions the human ability to pass judgement accuracy. Ishmael's phantom pains in his missing arm are a metaphor for his heart, which still aches for Hatsue, even though she is long gone. This and the comparison between Ishmael and Carl highlights the theme that we need to learn and move on. These themes are interlaced and layered throughout the text unobtrusively, but in such a way that at the end of the book, the reader subconsciously takes away a new understanding of people and their cultures.

'Snow Falling on Cedars' is a good example of Literature that entertains and informs. The way it is crafted in layers, using a good murder mystery plot with stylistic language makes it entertaining. The subtle integration of theme into this plot gives the reader a better understanding at the end of the story. The reader is captivated and this is what makes it such a good read.

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Double Oppression

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The writings of Harriet Jacobs and Sojourner Truth exemplify that the sufferings of black women were far worst than that of their male counterparts. All slaves were forced to endure the physical and emotional turmoil of bondage, however, for the enslaved woman, race and gender presented a double oppression. Women slaves experienced peculiar wrongs and injustices to which men slaves were not subject. These wrongs included sexual harassment and exploitation, denial of the basic rights and benefits of motherhood, and gender inequalities.

In Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Harriet Jacobs dramatically documents the claim "Slavery is terrible for men; but it is far more terrible for women. Superadded to the burden common to all, they have wrongs, and sufferings, and mortifications peculiarly their own." Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl was a political effort to help other sisters in bondage by exposing the sexual inflictions placed upon slave women. Jacobs fashioned her life story into Linda Brent's first-person account of a heroic slave mother who endured twenty-seven years of slavery. Brent's rational power and strength of personal will helped facilitate her efforts to find strategies for dealing with sexual harassment from her master, maintaining family unity, and for eventually obtaining freedom, both personally and for her children. She devised a plan of action including her choice to have a sexual relationship with a white man, other than her master, to protect herself from further sexual harassment from her owner, Dr. Flint. In doing so, she supported her integrity and moral code by resisting her owner's sexual efforts and choosing who would have access to her body - "It seems less degrading to give one's self, than to submit to compulsion."

Women slaves were also subjected to further cruelty and injustices because they were often denied the basic rights and benefits of motherhood. Women slaves were not allowed a traditional home and could not embrace their children. For at anytime, they could be stripped from their breast and sold. In Ain't I a Woman? Sojourner Truth writes "I have borne thirteen children, and seen them most all sold off to slavery, and when I cried out with my mother's grief, none but Jesus heard me!" This suggests that only Jesus could hear and understand a mother's grief and not even a slave father would experience the same heartache as a mother slave who has had her child/children taken away. Harriet Jacobs' pseudonym Brent gives birth to two children fathered by a white man she calls Mr. Sands, who promises to buy their freedom. Brent later escapes from Dr. Flint and hides at her grandmother's house in a small shed, measuring only nine feet long by seven feet wide. She endures life in a small and dismal hole for nearly seven years, deprived of light and air, and with no space to move her limbs. Year after year, she viewed her children's faces through a small opening, yearning to let them know she was hiding there and to be with them.

Following the partial abolishment of slavery, black men were given some liberties, however, black women continued to endure further injustices. Sojourner Truth's poem Keeping the Thing Going While Things are Stirring addresses the gender inequalities and the beginnings of the black woman suffrage movement. Black men were granted judicial representation, the right to vote, and were paid twice as much as colored women for the doing the same tasks. In the poem, Truth remarks

"There is a great stir about colored men getting their rights,

but not a word about the colored women;

and if colored men get their rights, and not colored women theirs,

you see the colored men will be masters over the women,

and it will be just as bad as it was before."

Truth advocates for equal rights to include not just black men, but also black women. She further asserts that female slaves should be entitled to the same benefits of freedom as their male counterparts, otherwise black women will become enslaved to black men as they were to their previous white masters.

Harriet Jacobs and Sojourner Truth have found their place in history for protesting the abuses perpetrated against slaves. Their writings also extend beyond mere slave narratives and poetry as important feminist documents. The hardships of the black slave women far surpass those of their male counterparts. Both authors illustrate the additional hardships and struggles afflicted upon women slaves. In the poem Ain't I a Woman?, Truth remarks "If the first woman God ever made was strong enough to turn the world upside down all alone, these women together ought to be able to turn it back, and get it right side up again!" Slave women in particular have endured and tried to set the world right side up by seeking freedom and equality for all man, and "woman" - kind.

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The Effect of Rainfall of the Great Lakes

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The Effect of Rainfall of the Great Lakes

Bo Armstrong

James Darin

Mike Hawkins

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Laura Charles

Debbie Terakowski

July 15, 00

The Effect of Rainfall of the Great Lakes

The first data source, by Corral in Home Textiles Today (00) points out that diversity may be a key to growth at OWSphinx. The second data source compares customer satisfaction levels for in-store and on-line shopping. Since a key focus is on creating an on-line, interactive web site, it is important to understand what the strengths and weaknesses could be. Focusing on the business-to-business e-commerce is expected to help the company a great deal.

OWSphinx can utilize this data as supporting evidence of a growing market to help them achieve their ultimate goal of increasing sales by at least 5% within the first 10 days of solution implementation.

The first external data source is based on information collected directly from producers and manufacturers and was collected by the U.S Department of Commerce; Claritas, a market research firm headquartered in Alexandria, VA; and import data collected from, U.S. Customs Service, the U.S Census Bureau and the U.S. International Trade Commission. Kay Anderson, Jennifer Marks, Janice Chamberlain and Cecile B. Corral, all contributing staff members of Home Textiles Today, compiled the data. For our examination of central tendency, we will use the percentages of gain or loss of market share as the focus of our investigation of the first external data.

Average Precipitation

YearJan.Feb.Mar.Apr.MayJun.Jul.Aug.Sep.Oct.Nov.Dec.

in..61.761.74.55.5..61.18.4.8.1.67.8

mm88444464747418087756771

Years Charted 0 Source National Weather Service, San Francisco

Results based on data collected from 161 - 10

1.76Column1

1.74

.55Mean.7

.5Standard Error0.17

.Median.86

.61Mode#N/A

.18Standard Deviation0.60

.4Sample Variance0.6

.8Range1.87

.1Minimum1.74

.67Maximum.61

.8Count1

N = 1, Population Mean = .7, Standard deviation = 0.60

Null Hypothesis = .7" rain per month

Alternative Hypothesis is not = .7" rain per month

z Test = (X Pop. Mean)/ (Std. Dev./Sq.root of N) = 0.8

Reject the Null Hypothesis if z 1.6 or -1.6

p-value = .7

BinFrequency

1.

.7

.

More0

For purposes of the data selected for this report, the market segment was a purposive sample meeting 5 specific criteria (1) non-bath, () accent and area rugs () up to 6 by , (4) with price points below $1,000, and (5) sold through the specific retail classes of trade described. The data is measured on a ratio scale, represented by total sales (in millions of dollars) and percent of the market represented by specific groups. The information collected is reflected on annual reports filed by participants and is considered to be quite valid. It also fairly reliable, for the same reason, though a longer time period would better reflect and long-term or unknown factors that may reflect upon the reliability of the data.

To analyze the data above, the chart below illustrates the calculated values for mean, median and mode as descriptions of the central tendencies of this data set.

The histogram bellows illustrates the left skewed, or positive, tendency of the data set relative to the mean value.

As a result of data analysis, OWSphinx should prioritize discount department stores and home improvement centers, as the first customers to benefit from the implementation of the corrective actions. The analysis of the research data also shows where OWSphinx should not focus any corrective actions. In fact, the analysis indicates that OWSphinx should leave the segment of retail rug outlets that include furniture stores, floor covering shops and specialty stores. The analysis of the data showed this segment of the market has realized a 46% reduction in sales volume. The value of utilizing market data, to it's fullest potential, can be a catalyst in assisting OWSphinx in implementing their corrective action plan.

References

Corral, C. B. (00). Tug sales up despite difficult '01. Home Textiles Today.

Retrieved June 14, 00 from http//www.hometextilestoday.com/index.asp?layout=article&webzine=htt&publication=htt&articleid=CA116

Cho, Y. ( 00) The effects of post purchase evaluation factors on on-line vs. in- store customer complaining behavior. Doctoral dissertation, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 00. Retrieved June 16, 00, from http//wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/order_pickup/prod/500e45bbd005716fae66455b6/61485/08416/04648.PDF

Pelosi, M., Sandifer,T., Sekaran, U., (000) Research and evaluation for business. [UOP Special Edition Series] New York Wiley.

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Space Age

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On October 4, 157, history changed when the Soviet Union successfully launched Sputnik I, the world's first satellite. It is about the size of a basketball, weighed only 18 pounds, and took about 8 minutes to orbit the Earth. The launching of Sputnik has created new political, military, technological, and scientific developments. This first satellite has started the space age and the space race between United States and Soviet Union. This was the beginning of the understanding about the universe and the wonders outside of Earth. The space age is an important event in U.S. history that made U.S. strong and powerful as it is today.

When Sputnik I was launched on October 4, 157, and it caught the world's attention and the American public off-guard. The American people were probably still enjoying their bright sunny day when the Soviets launched this satellite. To some people it was amazing and to some others it was a thread because Russian can launch ballistic missiles that could carry nuclear weapons from Europe to the U.S. This shocking news has made America realize that they are behind and so they work hard to attain the level that the Russians are at. So then America starts to spend money in areas like science, math, and various subjects that has something to do with computers and technology.

The space race has made a great impact on America because it led to the discovery of the outside world that we have never even knew of. As a result that Russian launched Sputnik I, American have decided to catch up and plans to launch an Earth orbiting satellite for the IGY and solicited proposals from various Government research agencies. The Sputnik launch also led to the creation of National Aeronautics and Space Administration, known as NASA. From the birth of NASA we have discover much new things which help us to understand the Earth and the universe better. America was the first nation to send a human to the moon and back in one piece. That event has boost America up to the standard again and they have finally catch up and even exceed their goal.

After we have exceeded our goals of catching up we have found that there are many things to know about the galaxies and its wonder. So that began hope of studying the planets and maybe even finding another planet we can live on. It also has made an impact on American to be more eager at learning and many have hoped to become astronaut when they grow up. Thanks to the space age we now can predict the weather and disaster that could come. That kind of knowledge can save thousands of lives and can prevent catastrophe. Space age has also lead to many technological things such as computers and other machines used.

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Space age is the main event in U.S. history that leads to America as it is today, well-built and dominant. The space age has made a great impact on America by letting us understand and discover new amazing things. It has helped us discover a knowledge we have never knew. It also made more job opportunities for many U.S. citizens so they wouldn't be out of work or have to starve. Thanks to our knowledge that we have gained we have successfully send a human being to the moon and back. This has led to many hopes and dreams of American to go out and explore the galaxy and maybe even find another planet that human can live on.

Please note that this sample paper on Space Age is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Space Age, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom research papers on Space Age will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Slaves and Metics

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Explain the importance of metics and slaves in ancient athenian society

Slavery was a necessary institution in Athenian society; it was simply a way of life. Slavery played a major role in ancient Greek civilization and slaves could be found everywhere. They were the property of their owners and could be bought and sold at any time in places like markets, where the two great sources of slave supply were the Asian Minor region (Lydia and Phrygia) and the Black Sea region, especially the northern shores, know as Scythia.

Aristotle described them as a "tool that happens to be alive" and a "possession that breathes". They were called "andropada", literally meaning "human feet"

They worked not only as domestic servants, but as factory workers, shopkeepers, mineworkers, farm workers and as ships crewmembers. There may have been as many, if not more, slaves as free people in ancient Greece.

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They were even employed in the Athenian government as clerks, attendants, minor officials or policemen.

Slaves were treated differently in ancient Greece depending upon what their purpose was. If one was a household servant, they had a fairly good situation. They were often treated almost as part of the family. They were even allowed to take part in the family rituals, like the sacrifice. They were always supervised by the woman of the house who was responsible for making sure that all the slaves were kept busy and didnt get out of line. This could be quite a task as most wealthy Greek households had as many as 10-0 slaves. Slaves were involved in the every day lives of the Athenian people. They would accompany married women in rich homes and slaves called pedagogues accompanied boys from rich homes. When a person invited someone for dinner, it was the slave that greeted them.

To the ancient Greeks life without slavery was unthinkable but the general attitude towards them in Athens was racial. They were considered "barbarians" as they were mostly people of foreign lands and a theory of "natural slavery" prevailed, that non Greeks were of naturally inferior race and were therefore created for enslavement and only satisfied with their existence in servitude. Despite this, slaves had a chance of gaining freedom, domestic slaves in daily contact with their masters may have had some intimacy with them and therefore stood a good chance of liberation and those slaves "living apart" might earn enough money to buy their own release. The intimacy that slaves had with their masters can be shown in the description by Xenephon as "fellow workers". During the constructions of the Erechtheum on the Acropolis at the end of the fifth century BC this was particularly apparent where from fragments of wage accounts it can be seen that all the workers were paid an identical amount regardless of status.

Once liberated, slaves became full human beings in Greek eyes. They were potentially no longer kinless and children born to them prior freedom were often retained in slavery whilst those born after were free. Aristophanes portrays slaves as having free speech towards their masters and Demosthenes states that Athenian slaves had greater rights of free speech than the free citizens of other states.

Slaves did much of the work that allowed Athens to prosper in a period of enlightenment as many of the achievements of Athens is owed to slavery which gave all Athenians time to fulfill cultural and political pursuits.

Metics were another distinct group who contributed to Athenian society. They were non Athenians who generally found Athens more appealing than their homeland. They were voluntary immigrants who contributed greatly to Athenian prosperity. Metics undertook much of the city industry where they ran industrial and commercial operations.

Even though they could not own property and were not citizens, they could hold jobs for property owners.

Metics or resident aliens with their involvement in various businesses were very important to the Athenian economy. Even though they were not and could not become citizens, they still had to serve in the military and pay a poll-tax. They, however, could not participate in the political life of Athens.

Metics usually were lower-class tradesmen or craftsmen. Although some metics families eventually gained wealth, the vast majority of the metics remained second-class inhabitants of Athens, even though they performed some of the polis most activities, such as military service and trade. They were often employed on more menial, but nevertheless vital, tasks - including trireme building, rowing and maintenance. Metics were usually Greeks from other city-states and could achieve a high level of social status. They were most commonly engaged in banking, commerce and the skilled crafts in the great Athenian port of Piraeus. One of the greatest honors for a metic was the "Athens Citizenship Award".

Athens use of outside talents from metics was important in its ability to thrive.

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As she waits

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Everyday she would stand outside on the balcony of what she liked to call, her dream house. She would just stand there everyday to hear the birds chirping, to watch the palm trees sway from side to side as the wind blew roughly; the sound of the water as it splashed back and forth. A little girl so young of the age of eight would just stand there everyday thinking; thinking of her dad and when he was going to return.

She lived in a three story, light pink colored house in the Dominican Republic, a little island south of the United States. There she lived with her mother; father, brother, sister, and many aunts, uncles, and cousins. She would go horseback riding everyday with her father on the horses that they owned on the farm. And then he would take her for a spin on his fast racing motorcycle. They would go out onto the field and pick fresh vegetables and fruits together. For that little eight year old girl, it was fun because to her anything she did with her daddy was her idea of fun. For many years they went on the same way; horseback riding; motorcycle riding; going places together; doing things together. To that little girl everything was like a dream come true. Her daddy was not just her father but her best friend.

It was one rainy afternoon; the eight year old girl was standing there outside on the balcony of her three stories, light pink colored house. She was there as usual thinking of her daddy and when he was going to come home. That night that little girl waited for hours and hours and her daddy did not show. Shaken and worried, she finally ran inside to her mother and asked her mother, "Mommy, mommy, why isn't daddy home yet?" Mother thought and thought to herself how she was going to explain to her little eight

Walkiria Batista

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year old daughter where her daddy was. The father had been taken by the police that morning to jail for a consecutive of five years. The police had visited the mother that afternoon at her job to inform her of what had happened and why. The entire time all the mother could think was how she was going to tell all this to her eight year old little girl. Voice cracking with tears in her eyes, the little girl asked again, "Mommy, mommy, why isn't daddy home yet?" Mother looked and faced her daughter and sat her down on the coach and told her, "Sweetie, daddy won't be coming home for a while." The little girl with sadness in her voice looked at her mother and gave her a hug and a kiss and just turned toward the door and went back out to the balcony. She stood out there thinking to herself and how she knew that her daddy would come back. She didn't know and didn't want to know the reasons that her daddy didn't come home that night. All that she could think of was that she knew he would come back home.

As the years went on that little girl thought and thought about her daddy. Knowing that her daddy would come back one day just made her stronger. Her mom helped her to become a strong, independent woman. Till this day that little girl remembers that very night that her daddy never returned home. The little girl, that isn't little anymore has come to accepting the fact that her daddy has not and will not come home. But throughout it all, she has grown; and learned so much about life. That little girl that used to stand outside on the balcony everyday waiting for her daddy to come home has made herself better by her experience. She took her daddy's example and has decided to makes something wonderful of herself.

Please note that this sample paper on As she waits is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on As she waits, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on As she waits will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Ethical consideration

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Ethical consideration. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Ethical consideration paper right on time.

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Ethics in Managerial Decisions

Tim Slack

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Damon Walsh

October 1, 00

Ethics in Managerial Decisions

For these reasons, and because business can be a powerful agent of positive social change we offer the following principles as a foundation for dialogue and action by business leaders in search of business responsibility. In so doing we affirm the necessity for moral values in business decision making; without them, stable business relationships and a sustainable world community are impossible.(Hartman,161)

I was struck by that last statement 'without them, stable business relationships and sustainable world community are impossible'. With out ethics business is impossible.

Now in the context of the above quote, the author was referring to the Caux Principles, a guiding set of ethical considerations that any business in our current world market will ignore at their peril. Now that sound a little extreme, but it is not; this is precisely what ethics are all about, teaching us long term strategies that help us survive.

If you live in a tribal or village community, where you could only depend upon neighbors and family, you might develop an ethic that personally, governmentally, and economically, would justify actions that we in our Western global economy would consider abhorrent.

This is what has happened in Iraq. Saddam, coming from a small village where any actions were justifiable if the family prospered, finds himself today living his tribal ethic, in a situation where it has lost its relevance to a stable society. Only his Bath party hold government employment, he is promoting sons and family to every position of power. He has already killed his son in laws and two uncles, he knows his family is not trustworthy, but because of his tribal ethic he trusts everyone else even less. Saddam is living a 1th century ethic at the dawn of the 1st. In a world where Saddam's tribe was one of several holding very little power, it might have been the optimal long term survival ethic, but it doesn't work today. Because he has kept his tribal ethic, he has justified killing his own people, starving the country, attacking his neighbors, and pillaging when ever he calculated he could get away with it (Brinkley). While Saddam has an ethic, it is a bad one for his people and for his governments continued survival.

Managers need to develop a good business ethic. Every manager has an ethic, it might be based on 'do what ever it takes' it might be based on the Caux Principles, perhaps upon a personal ethical standard, or a religious code, but there will be an ethic. Decision making is not arbitrary, nobody makes choices by throwing darts. So the choice for managers is not 'Do ethics play a part?' but rather what ethic is best for the long term success of the company.

Returning to the Caux Principles, we see that there are several principles a modern business has to consider when developing an ethic that will support the company's survival. The Caux principles give managers seven general considerations and six stakeholder consideration, that every manager and senior executive should consider when developing there ethical base. The relative importance of each of these considerations, will change with different businesses, depending upon their market, their position, and the core espoused values of the enterprise. It is the differences in relative importance that often differentiates one business from another, give companies their individuality. It is these differentiations that good leadership provides, and good managers keep prioritized. A large multinational corporation might consider Support for Free Trade a higher consideration than they respect for the employee stakeholder, but ignoring the employee stakeholder can not be considered a good long term strategy.

This makes good ethics sound like nothing more than a business strategy, a long term plan for developing a world where your business can best survive. Or as Baudelaire said. " For the businessman even ethics are a financial speculation."

References

Brinkley, Doug, 'Tales of a Tyrant' Atlantic Monthly May 00

Baudelaire, Charles. My Heart Laid Bare (published in Intimate Journals, sct. 7, 1887; tr. by Christopher Isherwood, 10; rev. by Don Bachardy, 18)

Hartman, Laura. Perspectives in Business Ethics Irwin McGraw-Hill. Buenos Aires.001

Perlee, Christian. Organization Leadership and Change Management; McGraw-

Hill, 001

References

Brinkley, Doug, 'Tales of a Tyrant' Atlantic Monthly May 00

Baudelaire, Charles. My Heart Laid Bare (published in Intimate Journals, sct. 7, 1887; tr. by Christopher Isherwood, 10; rev. by Don Bachardy, 18)

Hartman, Laura. Perspectives in Business Ethics Irwin McGraw-Hill. Buenos Aires.001

Perlee, Christian. Organization Leadership and Change Management; McGraw-

Hill, 001

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