INSTILLING A NEW VALUE IN ALL MUSIC MAJORS: MUSIC THERAPY

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INSTILLING A NEW VALUE IN ALL MUSIC MAJORS MUSIC THERAPY

If you want to major in music, everyone knows the obvious choices are either performance or education. Many freshman come in with music scholarships-so why not try it out and see? I'm sure that the statistics of people who drop out of the school of music in their first or second year would make any pre-music major think that 'just trying and seeing' a is the way of looking at your college degree. This may not be a serious problem in other majors, like when switching from business to economics, but in the school of music it is a different thing, and can be harmful in many ways. This way of thinking can create general apathy in the classrooms, the studios, and maybe even in the teachers. My freshman year one of my best friends was on a full ride with a flute performance scholarship. She truly hated playing the flute, but since she got the scholarship she was forced into staying in the school of music for years while completing her liberal studies. She eventually failed out of the school of music. The most tragic thing about people like this is when you question whether or not they might have been interested in some other degree in music. Do music majors ever think about using their music talent in new ways-like music history, general music education, commercial music, or even music therapy? Did anyone tell them about other options? Don't we need more people in the workplace, besides teachers, who are passionate about music? The peer influence when one makes a decision in the school of music is shocking. I personally believe that many people stick it out as a music ed major because that is where all their friends are, and to change majors would be like losing their friends, and maybe even their identity. There are people that I believe are only in the school of music because they have received so much love, help, and moral support, that if they dropped out now, (no matter what the reason), they would be 'letting down' a lot of people. And then there are those who think they can't do anything else. Sometimes the opposite can happen-my best friend Jenny dropped out of the school of music, and, I don't think I really wanted to be a teacher anyway, so I'm gonna drop out too.

Naturally many of these situations are unpredictable and unavoidable. I believe there are ways to broaden the thinking of new music majors, and I think a great way is to start with raw experience. Studies show that the best way to learn about something is by doing. For example, I started out as an instrumental music major-what else, of course? It wasn't until my first time observing and interacting in an elementary classroom that I had even considered doing elementary music. Before this experience I was seriously looking at other majors (outside of the School of Music), because I knew that I didn't want to be a high school/middle school teacher, and I didn't think that there was any other choice-everything else in the school of music, especially music therapy, seemed like a pretty risky move and sounded too 'new-agey' for me. The only thing I really knew about them is that many were in a fraternity that sold Chinese food in the breezeway, and that wasn't appealing to me. As petty as that sounds, that is what I honestly thought about it, and no one told me otherwise. Luckily, I was open-minded enough that I asked a few people about the process of being a general music major, and since then I have been much happier and felt much more secure about my future career. In the past few years I have also made friends who are in the music therapy program, and now have an incredible respect and fascination for it. What I'm suggesting is that there can be an opportunity for all music majors to experience one of the most overlooked, and most powerfully effective and exciting, majors in the school of music Music Therapy. So where can we find time to enable music majors to experience music therapy? Two words First Year Experience and Student Recital.

The last thing the School of Music needs to implement on it's undergrads is another requirement. So I humbly suggest that maybe some of the previously mentioned requirements can be altered. The first requirement First Year Experience. The problem with this program is not so much the content, but it's the time it is implemented. The first weeks of a freshman's life is not concerned with how to use the library or the WebLouis. This is the first opportunity for the blossoming, fresh new student to begin his first grumblings about the 'stupid' requirements the school of music makes him do. For many, it is a time when you can pair up with a bunch of your stealth friends and cheat on the research quiz and get it out of the way. By the time you use the WebLouis, you'll have forgotten how your friend got the answers to the test, but, in times of need, it's amazing how quickly you can learn how to use a library. Besides, in most of my classes that require research, my teachers have explained thoroughly how to research our topics, and of them have actually used a class period to give their own personal tour of the music library. I see this 0-15 slot on the first Wednesdays as a perfect time for showcasing all the degree programs FSU's School of Music has to offer. To be fair, the -4 least exposed/understood majors (I'm sure therapy has to be one of them) could be presented and discussed. The head of the department could give a succinct PowerPoint presentation on the statistics of that major, (things young adults are interested in, like salaries, which careers that these majors can hold, traveling opportunities, which ones are good preps for masters, etc) and then show a video of past/present FSU students (or other people, if necessary) active in that major, and then with a testimony about what this career/major means to them. Just recently I watched a crude videotape from the 70's that showed a woman, who could barely carry a tune herself, using music therapy to teach a mentally handicapped boy to tell time. I was in such awe of the role that music played in that teaching style, it was so simple, yet so effective. How powerful would it be to hear about and see someone using his talent in music to nurse mentally ill patients back to health? At the end of the presentation the students in the audience should have a question and answer session, and then receive additional material about that major and contact information in case they have more questions. To be as successful as possible, surveys should be passed out the last Wednesday (can be used for attendance purposes as well) so that students can respond to how effective the presentations were and if it made anybody think about exploring their options in other careers in the school of music.

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The next, more time consuming requirement Student Recital.

I think that it is a wonderful thing when a student can get opportunities to play in front of their teachers and peers. However, it's not so great when a student uses this time to do their homework and catch up on gossip and sleep. I'm not about to suggest how to stop this misbehaving, but more to suggest an alternative performing medium to break up the monotony, and actually get to play for an audience that is probably excited to hear anybody play. During the time in the first weeks a representative (maybe a president, or someone that isn't already helping sell Chinese Food? ) from the music therapy majors can set up a list of slots for people to sign up and perform in a nursing home/hospital. This would be an excellent opportunity for music therapy majors to get first hand experience of scheduling events and creating good Public Relations skills that (I would assume) would help prepare him or her for their future career in music therapy. This would also encourage a lot of creativity in the freshman-they can create any kind of ensemble and play any kind of music (within any guidelines given to them by the coordinator). If the students want to use an ensemble that they are already in, (ex woodwind quintet) then I think that that would be perfectly acceptable. So as not to take up more time from professors, I think that the music therapy students could screen the ensemble before they play. They would also need to be responsible to make sure they have rides arranged. Maybe there could be a Blackboard web site set up for this program, where, in order to receive credit, each member of the ensemble posts a short response about how the performance went, how well it was received, etc. This can be a simple way the overseeing professor can take attendance/grade, etc. I'm not suggesting that this program take the place of Student Recital completely. The first semester could be a test-run, where everyone is required to do this once, and to compensate the time spent doing this, the students can go to one less student recital that was required of them prior. Maybe in the future there could be a trade-off system, where each time you perform in the nursing home it is one less recital credit you need, etc. This program would also set up students for success, which is what many music majors need. So often the only performance music majors have to do (besides playing in a large ensemble) is the high-stress jury at the end of the semester. From my previous experiences, playing in a nursing home is a very -low anxiety performance, which means a high chance for success. Once again, I would like to have data supporting that this is a good use of the student's time. The students should take some surveys with them to the nursing home, and bring them back filled out by a few of the people in the performance to also type into the web site (anonymously). At the end of the semester the overseeing professor should be able to evaluate just by looking on the site whether or not the program was successful. This leads me to one more question Have we seen the research on how student recital effects FSU music students? How do we know that 15 recitals a semester isn't enough? Is it just as important for performance majors to go to as it is for music ed majors? Where do these required numbers come from that gives us a specific number of required student recitals? How come not all studios require student recital attendance, how is that fair? Do we come up with these numbers just because this is how much you can push a student before they self-combust? These questions are a bit extreme, I know, but recently I've been opening my mind to question everything.

I do not know much about music therapy, but I know that our ability to create music is one of the most powerful tools we are given-because we can choose to improve the lives of other people. FSU has an incredible music therapy program already, so how much more could they be appreciated and facilitated if they worked hand in hand with other music students? When music majors get wrapped up in their own little specific world, it creates cliques and encourages small thinking that can easily carry on over to their other spheres of influence, which is possibly their future students. The FSU School of Music has this opportunity to build bridges within it's school and local institutions, and work in cooperation for the betterment of the community-

-and there is nothing quite as valuable then when you give someone the power….to give of themselves.

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Country comparison

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Canada's economic performance compared to the United States is closely similar. Canada is one of the best nations for its economic performance, it exceeds the amount of effort needed to make the country a better place to live. Although the United States is a more powerful country, economy wise, it can still compare with the United States. A countries economy can perform better through increasing Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and inflation, while at the same time decreasing unemployment in the country.

The GDP for the United States has a greater value of 5401, 0 for year 001 then Canada has at 60, 0. Therefore the united states are producing more goods and services causing a more money flow for the states economy.

Canada has a smaller increase in inflation with 1. % then the United States with a .5 % increase that averages from 5 years, 17 001. These increases help prove that Canada has a smaller change in price and services of goods.

The unemployment rate per year for Canada is 7. % while the United States stands at a remarkable 4.8% for year 001. These percentages prove that the United States has a bigger work force, therefore causing the country as a hole to produce more money.

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In conclusion the united states over power the Canadians in economical well being. Although the U.S. makes more money then Canada, Canada spends less on goods and services, therefore evening their economies well being a little more. Although Canada might be at a lower raking then U.S. in economical well being, Canada still ranks as one of the best.

Bibliography

Comparative Table Labour force and Inflation, URL http//www.stat.gouv.qc.ca/donstat/econm_finnc/conjn_econm/compr_inter/pdf/chomage-ang.pdf ,00

Comparative Table - Gross Domestic Product (GDP), URL http//www.stat.gouv.qc.ca/donstat/econm_finnc/conjn_econm/compr_inter/pdf/pib-ang.pdf ,00

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Supplier selection - Case study

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The launch of 000X series of personal computers is a major milestone in the history of Computron Systems Corporation (CSC). The successful launch of this product will add another feather in the cap for CSC and enhance its product portfolio. More importantly this launch marks the transition of CSC from a PC component manufacturer to an integrated PC manufacturer. This launch will not only redefine the way CSC does and conducts its business in future but will also pit CSC against some of the well entrenched competitors such as Dell, Compaq and Gateway. In order to gain a foothold and subsequently gain market share in this product segment, the company has decided to adopt an aggressive strategy of selling high quality computers at affordable cost.

Business Strategy

In order to sustain a high quality low cost product it has been decided to adopt, build to order manufacturing, JIT component inventories, direct sales, and top it off with excellent customer service and technical support. In order to implement the above the company has decided to outsource some essential product components. By outsourcing we aim to capitalize on the technological innovations and the manufacturing expertise offered by outside suppliers and incorporate them into our products to be a strong first mover in the market. Computron's build to order and sell-direct strategy, popularly coined as the Dell strategy, will lead to minimum in-house stock of completed products and inventories. JIT component inventories are very much essential to support the build to order production model being pursued by Computron. The JIT inventory practices that we want to implement at CSC for the production of 000X series will yield major cost advantages and shorten the time for CSC to get new generations of its computer models into the market place. In the same breath we would also like to caution the management of the company that the component suppliers in the PC industry are notorious for the shortages of certain key components that occur from time to time which might drive up the prices. Hence we propose to maintain some units in component inventory yet adopt the JIT component inventories strategy to save cost on manufacturing and pass on this saving to the customers in terms of low product prices.

Supplier Sourcing Strategy

Help with essay on Supplier selection - Case studyMajor emphasis was laid upon the above mentioned business strategies in qualifying the vendors for the DVD drives. This recommendation for supplier selection has taken into account the ability of the supplier to adjust and align their business strategy with that of Computron's. The on time launch of the 000X series, which will be introduced in the market, will bear the seal of Computron. These PC's will not only carry the reputation but also the credibility of CSC as a manufacturer of high quality products with on time customer delivery. Hence major emphasis were laid on factors such as

1.Product quality . Delivery performance. . Cost competitiveness.

4. Responsiveness to needs. 5. Financial condition. 6. Technical and Process capability. 6. Communication and finally long-term partnership potential. 7. Volume capacity.

In order to objectively evaluate the suppliers on the above-mentioned factors a comprehensive evaluation was performed with the help of the following tools such as.

1. Financial risk analysis.

. Total cost analysis.

. Supplier Evaluation & Selection analysis

Detailed quantitative and qualitative data and relevant discussions can be found in appendices 1 .

We have decided upon implementing a two DVD drive supplier strategy in order to offset any risks that might arise in the widely fluctuating demand and supply scenarios and to reduce overall supply base risk. The overall advantages associated with adopting multi sourcing outweigh the financial implications that CSC would bear in the long run, given our anticipated sales and profit margins. CSC being a new player in the PC industry and due to the continuous innovation and technology development that is going on in this sector, where typically a new generation of DVD drives are launched every two years the team would like to impress upon the management to assign medium term contracts for a period of years to each of the individual suppliers and impress upon them the merits of a long term contracts from CSC as long as they maintained their leadership in technology, performance, and quality. This also enables CSC to further evaluate the suppliers over a two year period before a long term contracts are awarded. We would also like to propose that a strategy of variable pricing be adopted in the contract of each of these suppliers because of the decreasing trends in the unit prices for these components depending upon the market demand and supply. For more detailed analysis of the pros and cons of single sourcing versus multi sourcing, awarding long term versus short term contracts please refer to the appendix A. The transportation costs for the finished products will be borne by CSC from the supplier site to CSCs assembly plants but CSC will not assume ownership of the inventory at the supplier's site. We recommend that this clause be added into the contract of the selected suppliers.

Supplier Qualification

Based on our qualitative and quantitative evaluation of each supplier based on the above-mentioned factors (Please refer to attached appendixes 1- & A for detailed information) we have decided to recommend two DVD drive component suppliers. We recommend qualifying and accepting TechLine as our primary DVD component supplier and D-drive as our secondary component supplier. Before going into the reasons for recommending the above two suppliers the team would like to discuss and present our case as to why the other two vendors were rejected.

Nagachi technologies and Park technologies both located in Asia are two large and reputable manufacturers of the DVD drives though both offered competitive prices and carry a reputation for high quality products they were side stepped in favor of the two selected customers because of such findings of the team.

Nagachi Tech already is running at near full capacity and also the team observed that Nagachi is a big player in the DVD drive market and caters to most of CSC's competition and market leaders in the PC industry. The team had doubts about how Nagachi would align itself to the business strategies and requirements of a newcomer such as CSC. According to current market trends and forecasts, CSC's requirements for DVD drives is typically around 500,000 units for the first year and a marginal growth there after, amounting to $75 million which seemed very unattractive to Nagachi Tech because of its business model suited to being a high volume supplier. The financial health of the company with respect to the other suppliers also caused some concerns among us. (Appendix1). On the other hand Park Technologies was rejected due to higher total cost (Appendix) and longer lead times when compared to the suppliers in the group.

The physical location of the manufacturing sites of both the above mentioned companies and other barriers such as communication which will come into play when CSC will require technical support especially in a built to order strategy being implemented at CSC weighed heavily against both these companies.

We evaluated all the DVD drive suppliers under the assumption that a long term strategic partnership can be developed between CSC and them, under current circumstances and situations mentioned above we believe that the above two suppliers will not add any strategic value to CSC's launch and success of the 000X series of PC's.

We very strongly believe that the two selected suppliers D-Drive and Techline will add value to the lean supply chain system being implemented at CSC and recommends that these companies be pursued by CSC to build a long term strategic partnership as CSC's DVD drive suppliers as long as they maintain their market leadership, quality, invest in R&D and deliver on costs. One on the main reasons for both these companies, Techline and D-Drive being selected is their physical proximity to the manufacturing plants of CSC. This heavily favored into their side because this would enable CSC to implement its JIT component inventories and build to order strategy. Also the physical proximity and the absence of any language issue will help us in providing and getting greater technical assistance and support from both these companies and help CSC better serve its customers. Over all the management and personnel of both these companies impressed upon us that they were willing to align themselves according to CSCs business strategy in launching the 000x series. The team was impressed by the quality of the products and their leadership in innovation and their commitment to technology development in the DVD drive industry. The team was also impressed on evaluation of the fiscal health (Appendix1) and the manufacturing capabilities of both these companies. The lower total cost being offered by both these companies favored them in being selected as CSC's suppliers. The high volume ramp up time and product lead time for both these suppliers are in line for the time period at which CSC plans to introduce the 000X series of PCs into the market.

We intend to offset risk of maintaining low inventories and a lean supply chain by having supplier contracts with two reliable component suppliers. By giving a percentage of CSCs DVD drive requirements to both the suppliers, CSC will be assured of getting the volume of components it needs on a timely basis even when the overall market demand for a particular component temporarily exceeds the overall market supply. On the assumptions based on the projected sale of 1.1 million PC units at an average cost of $1500 and an industry profit margin of 5% the team estimates the a profit of $80 million. The approximate cost for two suppliers is estimated at an additional $4 million, which includes tooling, quality non-conformance, volume-price adjustment and vendor management costs. We believe that these costs incurred by CSC are reasonable for given sales & profit margins and are essential to offset the risk for the supply chain strategy that CSC intends to employ at the launch of 000X series of PCs.

We intend to buy the volumes of first two months completely from Techline and then phase in D-drive gradually after that considering the ramp up and lead time requirements at D-Drive. This will allow the launch of the 000X series without a hitch. We believe that a 70% of our inventory order be given to TechLine systems because of their proven track record in on time delivery product quality and their efforts to implement a JIT production system. On the same note we also propose that the remaining proportion of inventory order be given to D-Drive to get this company onboard as one of the suppliers. The team has been impressed by the product quality, technological innovations, their R&D efforts and their management's commitment to align themselves with CSCs strategy. Yet D drive is small company and we believe that this company might still have to fine-tune their manufacturing abilities to meet the demands of the CSCs order. The team believes that by striking a strategic partnership with D drive in terms of improving their production capabilities and product quality CSC might benefit in the long run. We believe that by investing in a strategic partnership with D drive and using them as a second source of DVD drives CSC can micro manage the risk of having a JIT inventory and lean supply chain. The threat of second supplier will also check the actions of Techline and keep them from making any business decision such as costs that might adversely affect CSC.

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Police are to harsh

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Police are to harsh on Car Modifications

Its every guys Dream to own a car, and because of petrol prices are constantly on the rise most guys are opting for the lest powerful 4 Cylinder models instead of the larger and more powerful V6 or V8s

But still wanting the same amount of power those guys have begun to modify there engines to create more power, even up to times the amount of power as the same model that hasn't been modified

Because of the power to weight ratio these smaller capacity engines don't need to produce as much power to be as quick off the mark

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police are constantly pulling modified cars over to see if the modifications are up to standard, if not police will defect the car and the car will need to have the modifications removed

But because the police aren't specially trained to inspect these modification most of the time the cars that have been modified and are up to standard are still defected

Some of the reasons police defect these cars has to do with the environment

This would be understandable if it was true but it is practically imposable because the smaller capacity engines burn less fuel then the larger engines or older style carburetor engines this is also imposable because to produce those larger amount of power those cars need to run on a leaner fuel which also creates less pollution

Some modifications are designed to stiffen the chase and lower the center of gravity

These are done to make the car safer to drive they have nothing to do with the performance of the car but still police pull these cars over and slap on a defect

The last type of modification has to do with the appearance and aerodynamics of the car

Things like front and rear bars, side skirts and rear wings all improve the aerodynamics of the car and like mentioned before make the car safer to drive because of down force created helps the car hold the road better

Anyone that drives a car that falls into that category and is pulled over

Is Guilty until proven innocent I doesn't matter if the modification are done to Australian standards but if the police officer doesn't agree he will defect your car

it can be fought out in court and most of the time you will be proven innocent because as police officers don't have enough training in that department and most of the time just make a judgment on the spot

I hope you will now understand that police have been to harsh on people that modify there cars and with your support maybe 1 day it will be corrected and those people will be treated fairly

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Commodity exchanges

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Futures

Are contracts to buy or sell a fixed quantity and quality of a particular commodity for delivery at a fixed date in the future at a fixed price.

Forward contract

The seller undertakes to provide the client with a fixed amount of a commodity on a fixed future date at a fixed price. Help with essay on commodity exchangesDifference between futures and forward contract

The former is a once-only deal (while futures contracts are standardized contracts), which cannot be closed out by a matching transaction.

Need for future trading

•To improve the price discovery process in the commodity.

More transparency because now farmers will have complete access to information and hence will get a better price for their produce

No monopoly because more no. of players would be involved in the trading

•To facilitate the management of risk which can lead to efficient management of resources

Preconditions for future trading

•A stable and credible currency,

•Reliable credit markets,

•Existence of financial institutions,

•A system that can enforce repayment rules and provisions for liquidation in cases of bankruptcy.

Prerequisites for commodity market

•Storage and delivery facilities

•Quality control systems and agencies Clearing House

•Facility for trading

•Large number of participants

•Team of surveyor and assessors

•Dissemination of information relating to trading

Benefits of commodity exchange

Economic benefits by

•Price discovery and hedging

•Improved Export Competitiveness

•Reduced processing margin risks

•Indirect benefit to farmers

•Facilitates access to credit

•Improved product standards

Benefits to traders, farmers and banks

•Traders Inventories to trading instruments, lower cost of credit, shorter supply chain

•Farmers Storage, Loans, Reduced risks

•Banks Reduced risk in Loans, More business

Online trading mechanism

•Transparency in governance and functioning of the exchange.

•Information dissemination without delay to the offerors and the bidders simultaneously.

•Convergence of all the offers and bids emanating from all over the country in a Single Electronic Order Book of the Exchange

About the exchange

•Incorporated in December 001 to meet the challenges of globalization

to link the system so that trading could be conducted from any part in the country. The system has a central database and a trading sub-system.

•A clearing and risk-detecting mechanism is built into it.

•It provides efficient trading, clearing and settlement facilities

•Target turnover 1500 crore

Main promoters

•Central Warehousing Corporation (CWC),

•National Agricultural Co op. Marketing Federation of India Limited (NAFED),

•Gujarat Agro Industries Corporation Limited (GAICL),

•National Institute of Agricultural Marketing (NIAM),

•Gujarat State Agricultural Marketing Board (GSAMB) and

•Neptune Overseas Limited

CWC Warehouse receipt system

•Warehouse receipt system Established to boost the trading activity in the commodities, delivery in the underlying commodities.

•Warehouse Receipt issued by a Warehouse Man to a person depositing goods in the warehouse.

•CWC, Other potential warehouses complying with modern and standard requirements for preservation of standardized / graded commodities as may be guided by CWC

Features of the exchange

•Convergence of all the offers and bids emanating from all over the country in a Single Electronic Order Book of the Exchange ensuring equal access to all intermediaries.

•Participation of diverse interests like Importers, Exporters, Growers, Brokers, Traders, etc., using an electronic training system providing a fair, efficient and transparent commodities market. ( Exhibit-1)

•Fair Trading Practice ensured through checks and balances built-in in the System.

•Virtual Trading Environment using the-state-of- art information technology through an appropriate communication networking.

•Efficient, Guaranteed Clearing, Settlement & System enabling book entry settlement.

•Warehouse Receipt System based Delivery of Underlying Commodities meeting the current international standards, its endeavor is to fulfill its mission in letter and spirit.

•Real Time Price & Trade Data Dissemination

Commodities traded

•Cotton, castor, Safflower, Groundnut, Rape, mustard, Sunflower, cotton, sesame, Copra, Coconut, sugar, Crude palm oil, Soybean, vanaspati, rubber.

•Seeds, oil, Oil cakes

Regulation

•Forward Contracts (Regulations) Act 15

•The Essential Commodities Act - to control the production, supply and distribution of essential commodities. All agricultural commodities fall under the provisions of this Act.

Trading at NMCEIL

•Order driven Traders submit orders, matched against the existing orders in the order book

•Trading on anonymous basis without disclosing the counterparty.

•This provides transparency to the trading system.

•Trading members identify the clients on whose behalf the orders are placed or else the orders are accounted to their own account.

•Trading systems provides a time stamp for each order entered and trades executed.

•Trust based rather than rule based

Clearing and settlement systems

•In house clearing Connected to all the Clearing Members and the Clearing Banks

•surveillance, control, margining and clearing & settlement

•provides guarantee of financial performance of outstanding contracts to its clearing members

Membership

•Individuals, registered firms, corporate bodies and institutions

•Graduation, two years of experience

•Net worth- 50 Lakhs

•Paid up capital- 0 lakh

Rules and regulations

Contract Specifications The Quality specification in terms of Agmark specifications and grades

Price Quotation The units of commodity in which the price will be quoted.

Trading The units of commodity in which it will be traded per contract.(i.e. Price Quotation multiplied by multiplier factor)

Tick size The variation in the price quotation allowed on the Exchange.

Trading cycle example

Base price of the Futures Contracts previous day's closing value of the spot market. and on subsequent trading days will be the daily settlement price of the futures contracts.

Circuit breaker There will be a .5% band above or below the last closing price of the contract, to be extendable after 1 hour subject to receipt of online margin.

Off- Market deals/Negotiated Deals Not permitted in the system.

Password Every trader has a password it has an expiry date.

Every trading member of the Exchange shall be allowed to designate users as approved users

Fee structure

Annual subscription will be Rs.10,000/-

Transaction charges will be paise per Rs. 100/- with a minimum amount of Rs. 5,000/- per month per clearing/trading member.

Maintenance charges for the VSAT Rs. ,500/- per month per VSAT

Functioning of the exchange

DEALS Deals executed on the Exchange are eligible to be cleared and settled through the Exchange and shall be called Admitted Deals'

SETTLEMENT OF DEALS Admitted deals executed on a trading day, shall be cleared and settled on a netted basis, at the end of each day, as prescribed under the relevant regulation.

SETTLEMENT PROCEDURE Payment into the Exchange shall be made on the net of contracts and liabilities into the settlement account maintained by the Exchange before the commencement of the trading of the next day.

Pay-outs shall be made by the Exchange the same day.

Daily settlement price shall be the closing price of the commodity Futures Contracts of the trading day. Initially the closing price for each commodity futures contract shall be calculated as the weighted average of last 5 trades during last half an hour for that commodity futures contract

Final settlement price shall be the closing price the series of the commodity on the last trading day of the futures contract.

Base Capital

Minimum Base Capital

A Member is required to meet with the Minimum Base Capital requirements prescribed by the Exchange before activation as a Member.

Additional Base capital

As the initial security deposit is too low to cover the potential exposure of the Member, those Member who are willing to take higher exposure limits, can provide further security to the Exchange by way of cash, fixed deposit receipt, bank guarantee and pledge of securities

Initial Margins

Amount a trader should place with his broker at the time he places an order to buy or sell a futures contract

Various kinds of trading markets at the exchange

•Ready delivery market

Cash trade Same day settlement

Spot Trades Settled on third day

Weekly trades 6th day settlement

•Specific delivery market

Delivery obligation maturing beyond a period of 11 days

Counter party is known

•Futures Market

•All contracts are settled on daily basis at the daily settlement price till the final delivery of commodity on the expiry date.

•Auction Market to close out the positions of the members who have failed to pay-in their obligations

Other exchange associations in India

•In all there are around 18 such associations

•Only one association is recognized in a city or region for forward contracts in any single commodity group, with the view to minimize competition between associations.

•They have to apply for recognition from the Central Government

Their user composition

•Similar to western exchanges Nearly half of the trade is estimated to be speculative, conducted by day-traders contributing to the liquidity

•Rest is hedging with traders being the most active

•Farmers in India rarely use futures markets directly co-operatives, intermediaries, traders.

•Operate in regulated markets.

•Commission agents provide information and intermediating risk management transactions.

•Regulatory barriers prevent co-operatives from using commodity exchanges.

•Traders- very little share- poor access to credit

•Exporters- low exchange liquidity

•Brokers are most active

Other online exchanges

•London FOX London Commodity Exchange (LCE) cocoa, coffee, sugar, rubber, potatoes and grain

•CBOT- Chicago board of Trade maize, soya beans, crude soya bean oil, soya bean meal, oats

•Coffee, Sugar and Cocoa Exchange (CSCE)

Agmarknet

•It provides prompt and reliable information about what is happening in the market, what quantities are arriving and what prices are quoted

•It will enable farmers to take market based decisions and benefit other market users as well.

Survey

The survey was conducted by means of personal and online interviews by means of a questionnaire (Exhibit- ) to get an idea about how the trading and pricing decisions are made by them, the various factors being taken into consideration etc. A sample size of 10 was taken for the purpose.

The following were the various factors identified through the survey, which help traders in taking decisions about the pricing of the commodities

•crop seasons, harvest time

•When new crop is expected to come in mandi

•what is the crop estimation

•Festival season

•Time and trends of world markets.

•Factors influencing the decision of bidding.

•time of the year

•crop variety

•international trends

•natural calamities

The information is collected by the following means

•Information is all based on local level and on net where the international markets Trends can be seen and also consultants (market experts).

•Past trends of the commodity available on net or through journals or just being vigilant

•Fluctuations in the environment

Further suggestions

•Grading is one aspect which was emphasized by almost all the respondents, i.e. the commodities being traded must be available in graded form such the traders can take better decisions about the pricing and also will be more sure about the kind of quality they are going to get.

•Technical difficulties are faced by the traders who trade online. Because they are not very well verse with the computers and also the whole VSAT system being used.

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College Essay- the most important person in my family

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When I had to write about the most important person in my family, I didn't even have to think twice about my dad. When I was little, my dad always made time for my volleyball games and activities. My dad is such an inspiration because I know that no matter what happens, he will always be proud. I know my dad will always be by my side pushing me to do my best, with words of encouragement.

I have gone through some difficult times where my dad has given me guidance and has helped me to be more focused on my goals and trying to accomplish what I set out to do. We discuss my problems, try to put them in the right perspective, and deal with them the right way.

He knew the importance of success and helped me get through disappointments I've had with volleyball. What I didn't always realize is that while I may have given up on myself, my dad never did. He always stood by my side supporting and encouraging me. For example, three years ago my dad sacrificed his money and time for me to be in volleyball club. He gave up several hours of work to drive me to practice and games, while staying to watch me play. He never missed one game, and was always been there to back me up and give me motivation.

My dad has worked hard to help my sisters and me succeed in life. When I struggle with things and doubt my ability to get through something, he is always there to guide me to the right path. Even when my dad is exhausted after a long day at work, he makes time for me and lets me know how much he really loves me. These are just a few of the many things me dad does that make him special to me.

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IRAQ CRISIS

FOR

I am supportive of the war on Iraq as Saddam Hussein is an evil dictator who should not have being able to gain power. What he does to the general public is disgusting and in-humane. Also he is defiant to the U.N. (United Nations) and has failed to destroy "the weapons of mass destruction" which he has in his possession. After years of dispute within the U.N George W Bush pushed for action in Iraq. Finally on the twentieth of March 00 George W Bush and his allies (John Howard and Tony Blaire) issued the attack against Saddam's regime.

The main reason I am for the war is due to the fact that Saddam has the power to kill millions of people, also that he does not treat the people of his country with the respect they deserve. Also to his family and Saddam the law does not exist. An example of that is with his oldest son Suedai who has substantial evidence against him for crimes such as rape, yet no punishment has being dealt to him. This is not away for a law to run. All these problems should be fixed. Help with essay on IraqEvidence for all these problems has being shown in the media. And this is evidence enough for me.

Against

The main and most important reason I am against the war on Iraq is because even with every caution the soldiers take they will still kill innocent Iraqi civilians. Also the war will or may bring terrorism to Australia. The war will also destroy the civilians houses, there work, there schools and there livelihood. This will cause famine and maybe also a civil war between the Iraq's towns and cities. The war may even cause disputes within the U.N and from that World War three could start.

Most of my reasons have come from me sitting down and looking at each possible outcome. Even though they might not happen, what if they do, tats another problem with this war there are to many 'what ifs.' And even though America, Britain and Australia are the most powerful in this war but something most likely will go wrong and an example of that would be Saddam being more powerful then they anticipated. Then people will die, heroes to their country will die, and to us they are just people but to others they are friends, brothers, sisters, sons, daughters, fathers, mothers, nephews, nieces or cousins. And only if its one person in the hearts of the loved ones it will be more.

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