Lead

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I. Introduction

Lead

Air pollution is a serious problem today. There are countless different pollutants that contribute to the pollution of our air. Air pollution is a growing problem. Though we have found solutions for many of our air pollution substances, it is not enough to compensate for all pollution around us. One big contributor to air pollution is lead.

Lead is a metal that is present in the environment mainly as a result of industrialization. It can be present in water, soil, but generally in air. Lead is useful for many things today and its use dates back to centuries ago. Although it has its advantages, it has more disadvantages. Lead contributes greatly to the problem of air pollution today. It is a persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic chemical. Also, at one point, lead polluted water greatly. Since better filtering systems have been made, water pollution, in water pipes, caused from lead is rare now.

II. Main Information

Properties of Lead

Lead is extracted mainly from galena. It can be present as gas or solid (metal). Lead has several properties that make it unique; it is very malleable and can be hammered into any shape. It is a soft, bluish-white, dense metallic element. It can be very easily melted and joined. Lead has good corrosion resistance in most common environments. Lead's high density has been proved effective in weights. It's ductile and is relatively a poor conductor of electricity. The electrochemical properties of lead allow it to be used in storage batteries in all motor vehicles and for some back-up power supplies. Lead's atomic number is 8 and its atomic weight is 107.. Its melting point is 7.5°C and its boiling point is 1744°C.

Lead is used in roofing, window cames, kitchen, tableware, and ornamental uses for many centuries. It's also used as solders, ammunition, electroplating, electrical equipment, X-ray and nuclear shielding, specialty casting, cement glazes and stabilizer in plastics.

Causes of Lead Pollution

Lead is caused and released by things such as industrial plants, steel factories, and power plants. Leaded gasoline, at one point, contributed greatly to the cause of lead poisoning. But several years ago, it phased out, leaving lead emissions decreased by 8%. Today the leading cause of atmospheric lead pollution is metal processing. Among the largest lead toxins are automobile emissions that are discharged from fuel combustion in the automobile's motor. Also, recycling waste products causes the discharge of lead.

Effects on the Earth

An ecosystem is an ecological community, functioning with its unit. It is a system formed by the interaction of organisms with their physical environment. Lead effects our environment in several ways. It is a great pollutant to soil. Acid rain dissolves lead shot. As a result, dissolved lead is released into soil and sediment and can enter ground water and surface water. In 18, the U.S. EPA identified lead-based paint, point emitters, and leaded gasoline as the three sources of elevated soil-lead levels and suggested targeting these sources in reducing lead contamination in soil.

Lead also can be fatal if it enters a body of a human or an animal. Even small amount can be deadly.

Cycles

Lead is dangerous towards many natural cycles. The food cycles are often disturbed in the wildlife, due to lead pollution. An environment filled with wildlife animals, located near a motorway or factory, often have lead problems. For example, when a bird swallows or breathes lead, it will most likely die. A larger animal that feeds on it may die of starvation.

Also, water cycle is affected by it as well. Steel factories release lead dust, which usually falls to the ground or water. When it rains, that water may rain on a reservoir or another area used as a drinking source, getting into water pipes. Water pollution caused by lead today is rare, due to better filter systems.

Effects on Living Organisms

Lead can cause various illnesses to humans. The physical effects are anemia, pale or dry skin, headaches/stomachs, lead paralysis of bones and muscles, buzzing sound in the ear, dizziness and nephrosclerosis. Usually, lead gets into the human body through food, but sometimes through respiratory organs. The main lead pollutants in food are vegetables and medical herb that are usually grown near a motorway. The most affected organs in a human body are usually brain and nervous system, kidneys, blood, and the reproductive system of both males and females. Also, lead in a different form, is a possible carcinogen.

In pregnant women, lead poisoning can affect the developing of the fetus. In children, lead poisoning impairs their mental development and causes a small but measurable decrease in I.Q. Another example of lead exposure to children is lead deposited in the soil from leaded gasoline fumes along busy roadways. Children can ingest lead, as they play.

Lead can cause seizure, coma, or possibly death. It affects virtually every system in the body. Its mental affects are learning disabilities and behavioral problems. People are affected largely from the contamination of lead in food. Animals or cattle being fed vegetables that are contaminated with lead, enters the human body through food.

III. Conclusion

Possible Solutions

The problem of water pollution caused by lead has been solved. By installing filter systems or devices in all water pipes in a home, you can prevent any sort of water pollution caused by lead. Usually homes built after 10 already have filter devices installed. In order to prevent lead from entering you home, have air-refining systems through out your home. Do not enter you house with shoes on; shoes may carry lead dust. Also, you should be careful where they children play. Lead is a poisonous substance that unfortunately does not have many solutions.

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