Christmas – You Get What You Pay For

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Calvin Coolidge, the thirtieth president, once said, "Christmas is not a time nor a season, but a state of mind. To cherish peace and goodwill, to be plenteous in mercy, is to have the real spirit of Christmas." If a pre-schooler was asked what Christmas is, he or she would simply respond with Santa Claus, but if an adult was asked the same question, the answer would vary from a time to give to the less fortunate to a time to spend with your loved ones. Christmas means many things other than the birth of Christ. So what is Christmas?

Christmas is a kid's season, with presents and Santa Claus. Christmas and Santa Claus go hand-in-hand. At malls across the country, Santa imitators are found taking pictures with kids and asking them what they want for Christmas, putting the kids on cloud nine. Little kids cannot be happier than when they are perched on Santa's big red thighs, telling Santa what they want for Christmas. For little kids, Santa isn't just a seasonal symbol, but he exists, and really does come down the chimney on Christmas. He eats the homemade cookies, and drinks the glass of milk. Then, he leaves the gifts before moving onto the next house. The little kids awake to find their stockings stuffed and hung above the fireplace, and gifts of every shape and size neatly placed underneath the well decorated, glistening Christmas Tree. To a kid, that is all Christmas is about.

Christmas is music and movies. Christmas has more songs than any other holiday. Radio stations, such as 104., only play Christmas songs during the couple of weeks before

Christmas, to go along with the handful of versions of every Christmas songs. Christmas always has more movies than any other holiday. The movies are usually watched during that time

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between thanksgiving and Christmas, but those movies are watched over and over again. A Christmas Story, a humorous movie about a young boy's Christmas, is played for twenty-four hours each year on Christmas, and each year still receives high ratings.

Christmas is white and cold. Christmas is walking outside and the air being so cold outside that it takes a person's breath away, and on each exhale, all that is seen is a cloud of vapor. The sidewalks and streets are blanketed with white, fluffy snow, twinkling underneath the gleaming sun. Freshly fallen snow sits perched on every tree branch, weighing each arm down. Snowmen of different sizes, and made with different household items stand in front of houses throughout the neighborhoods.

Christmas is the number one shopping season. Someone once said, "Before Christmas says hello, it is already saying Buy, Buy." The day after Thanksgiving, the "Christmas Shopping Season" officially starts. And for almost a month, people are crammed into every mall like sardines. Christmas is always associated with buying gifts for everyone that is close to you. In 17, an estimated thirty-four percent of the people spent between five hundred and a thousand dollars, and forty-eight percent of those people did all their shopping in December. With inflation and an economy that is only becoming more materialistic, these numbers are only going to increase throughout the years.

Christmas is a spirit. Christmas time is said to be the time for caring, and it is better to give than receive. During this season, clothes and food are raised to give to the needy. This kind of effort to help the less fortunate is on such a large scale only during the Christmas season.

Schools only make an attempt to contribute to the community during this time. Henry Ford II High School has a can food drive, a clothing drive, and a toy drive. Each drive is very effective;

the can food drive raises more than twelve thousand cans, the toy drive raises more than a thousand toys, and the clothing drive raises more than six hundred articles of clothing..

Christmas is more than just the birth of Christ. It's a time to be spent with your loved ones, a time to give to the less fortunate, and a time to take in all the extras, like music, movies, and stories, that the Christmas season has to offer. A person can take in the Christmas spirit and enjoy the season, or just simply say Bah Humbug to the season. Christmas is a commercial holiday filled with love, lights, laughter and lots of shopping.

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Goals and Dreams: How I Have Tried to Find Them

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Goals and Dreams How I Have Tried To Find Them

Since I was a small child I have had a dream of working as some type of medical professional. Because of many different life changing

events it has taken me many years to begin this wonderful journey towards obtaining my Nursing Degree. Being able to go back to school has

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been a main focus of mine for many years. Everytime I thought it was a good time to go back something in my life changed. Here I am finally

able to get my education so that I can finally reach my goals.

In high school I took all of my college preperation courses to help prepare me for the classes that I would be taking in college. The

classes were all hard but I managed to keep a B average so that I could get into a good school and program. My senior year in high school I

had a tragic occurence in my life and I ended up quicking high school. I knew that statistics showed that most high school drop outs never

return to get there diploma or GED if they had been out more than a year. So, the day that I withdrew from school I decided that I was going to

get my GED within a month. I left the high school and went directly to the GED testing center and signed up. I had to take a pretest before they

would sign me up for the BIG test. To my surprise I only missed one question. Within weeks I was taking the GED test. I was nervous and

terrified that I would fail. After a few weeks I recieved my GED certificate in the mail. I was so happy that I passed everything and had my

diploma in my hands.

After completing my GED I decided that I was going to work for a couple of years then attend college. I worked for a couple of different

companies but none of them was what I wanted to do with my life. I decided to go to NIT (National Institue of Technology, 15) and pursue a

diploma in medical assisting. Within weeks of starting school I found out that I was expecting my first child. I continued to go to school but

after about 5 months I started having complications in my pregnancy and had to drop out. I was terribly disappointed. Here I was only four

months from graduating and I had to take time off. During the rest of my pregnancy I came to a decision that I didnt want to be a medical

assistant. At the time medical assistants werent being paid very much and if I was going to put all of my time and money into an education I

wanted to recieve a decent pay.

Another year passed and I decided that I would give college a try again. At this time computers were really starting to become popular

so I figured that I could make an excellent living at programming computers. So in 16 I started attending The Akron Institute to receive my

degree in computer science. Once again within a few weeks I discovered that I was pregnant with my second child. Everything was doing great

when I started having complications and was put on bedrest. I withdrew from school to handle the pregnancy but never returned because

within weeks of giving birth to my daughter I discovered I was expecting my third child. After the birth of my third child I decided that I would

stay home and be a full time mom for my three children.

Durning the past 6 years I have done a lot of soul searching and looking toward the future. At first I wasnt sure what I wanted to do, I

thought that I would just be happy working in a nursing home as a nurses aid. I found after a year that it just did not satisfy my life long

goals. I then focused on the day that I would return to school to obtain my nursing degree. It has taken me two years to save enough money to

return to college.

Once I was sure that I had enough money saved so that I could attend school full time I called Stark State College (April 00) to enroll.

The first step to obtaining my nursing degree was to go to the college and take the Compass Test. I was pleasantly surprised to find that I

passed everything but math. Because of not passing the math section I have to take Introduction To Algebra (Mrs. Gilbert). It was a little

disappointing that I didnt pass something on the test but I had to stop myself and remember that I have been out of high school for twelve

years.

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Compare woolworths group to hmv group

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Introduction

In this report I will be examining and quoting information taken from the annual reports of 'Woolworths Group' and 'HMV Group'. I will be comparing the profitability, liquidity, efficiency and investment ratios of these two companies and evaluating the financial performance of each in order to review the major factors that have contributed to the financial well being of the two companies.

A1, Business Activities

Both of these companies are high street stores, you can usually find both in most city and large town centres. They both retail goods which most people want to buy such as CDs, DVDs, books and games but Woolworths retails magazines, house-ware, lottery tickets etc that also sell extremely well. The main function of these stores is to sell goods at a reasonable price in order to make profit, and to expand.

A, Definitions

Fixed Assets

Fixed assets are items such as buildings and property that hold a tangible value and investments that won't really change that much in price. Investments such as buying own shares are also considered fixed asset all though they can go up and down in value.

Current Assets

Current assets are variable, they depend on how much the debtors owe, how much stock is available, and how much cash is in hand and at the bank. These kinds of assets can quickly be cashed if needed and they are also used to calculate the liquidity of the companies to give a liquid ratio.

Current Liabilities

Current Liabilities are the opposite of the current assets, these are again variable but depend on how much money is owed out to creditors and possible charges and hidden liabilities.

Long Term Finance

The long-term finance of a company such as HMV will be the money taken for the goods in the stores, cash is paid which is then used to run the company, cover overheads and make profit.

B Summary of progress

When comparing the financial statements from the two companies I notice that HMV has a much higher return on capital employed with 0.8% being over four times greater than Woolworth's only being 4.6%. The reason for this could be that HMV has much bigger bank loans than Woolworth's which will result in having much higher payments to make each year. Having taken this into consideration, HMV has a much bigger profit margin due to lower sales costs meaning they can afford a bigger percentage in payments. HMV have a slightly lower asset turnover rate than Woolworth's who had a rate of .56 times compared with just times by hmv, this could be due to HMV having more tangible assets, possibly owning more premises than Woolworth's.

Woolworth's have a much higher liquid ratio than HMV, simply because the current assets out weigh the current liabilities more, but when looking at the acid test there is only a small difference. This is due to Woolworth's holding a lot more stock, this is also evident in the stock turnover, where Woolworth's take up to 50% longer to turn over than HMV. Woolworth's pay their creditors quicker, but it takes them longer to receive payments from their debtors.

When looking at the investment ratios by themselves you can see what has happened during the financial year 00, and what the shareholders fund is like. During this financial year HMV group have made a good earning on share value whereas Woolworth's have made a loss, but if you consider the shareholders fund you will see that HMV are heavily in debt and need to gain in order to increase the value of the shares. Woolworth's on the other hand have taken a loss, but when considering the shareholders funds the share value is strong, when looking at the profit and loss sheet (pg annual report 00) I notice there are a few large payouts to kingfisher group because there has been a demerger. These large payments to kingfisher will apply to this year only, and with these payments being the blame for the loss made by Woolworth's, if they have a similar year in terms of making profit the share prices will gain asset value. The future for both of these companies looks good, HMV is making a large profit making good earnings on their shares, if business continues the same, being a music and games store this is quite likely, HMV will recover the asset value of these shares. Woolworth's now finished paying the extra costs of the demerger from kingfisher group can expect to cover all costs if business continues the same.

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Fight Club

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Fight Club. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Fight Club paper right on time.

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1.Information systems are essential in business today because most organizations need information systems to survive and prosper. Information systems can help companies extend their reach to faraway locations, offer new products and services, reshape jobs and work flows and perhaps profoundly change the way they conduct business.

.In a digital firm any piece of information required to support key business decisions is available at any time and anywhere in the firm. Digital firms respond and sense to their environments far more rapidly than traditional firms, giving them more flexibility to survive in turbulent times.

.Any information system is interrelated components working together to collect, process, store and disseminate information to support decision making, coordination, control analysis and visualization in an organization. Data is raw facts before they have been organized and arranged into a form that people can understand and use. Information is data that been shaped into a form that is meaningful and useful to human beings.

4.Processing converts raw data to useable information. Output transfers the processed information to the people who will use it and feedback is the output returned to the appropriate members of the organization to help them evaluate or correct the input stage.

5.Information systems literacy is a broad based understanding of information systems that includes behavioral knowledge about organizations and individuals using information systems as well as technical knowledge about computers. Computer literacy in contrast focuses primarily on knowledge of information technology.

6.The key element of organizations are it's people, structure, operation procedures, politics and culture. Management's job is to make sense out of the many situations faced by organizations and formulate action plans to solve organizational problems. Technology is one of the many tools managers use to cope with change.

7.The technical approach is based on mathematical techniques such as transportation, inventory and transaction costs. Behavioral is based on changes in attitudes, management and organizational policy and behavior. No single perspective effectively captures the reality of information systems.

8.There is a growing interdependence between business strategy rules and procedures on the one hand, and information systems software, hardware, databases and telecommunications on the other. A change in any of these components often requires changes in other components. This relationship becomes critical when management plans for the future because what a business would like to do in 5 years often depends on what its system will be able to do.

.The internet is an international network of networks that is a collection of hundreds of thousands of private and public networks. The WWW is a system with universally accepted standards for storing, retrieving, formatting and displaying information in a networked environment. They allow more than 500 million people to exchange information or perform business transactions with other organizations around the globe.

10.Flattening organizations, causing fewer levels of management, lower levels of employees, separating work from locations, reorganizing work flows, and by increasing flexibility of organizations. These different procedures are allowing information to be instantly distributed within and beyond the organization.

11.They are flattening organizations by downsizing reducing the number of employees and the number of levels of management giving lower levels of employees greater decision making authority.

1.They all are electronically involved, they are use the internet to do some type of business whether it be to buy sell, inform, track or produce.

1.Information systems that automate the flow of information across organizational boundries and link a company to it's customers distributors or suppliers. They are important because they lead to higher levels of efficiency value to customers and competitive advantage.

14.Information architectures is the particular design that information technology takes in a specific organization to achieve selected goals or functions. The technology infrastructure provides the technology platform for this architecture. As firms move toward digital firms, managers need to develop elements of information through this architecture procedure in order to do well now and in the future. And the hardware, software and date is what they will use to execute their work.

15.The strategic business challenge, the Globilization challenge and the Information Architecture and Infrastructure challenge.

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What do managers really do?

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What do managers really do?

In the past few months, we've been studying the organization and the people who lead them. It is known that managers handle their subordinates in a corporate setting. Each manager has different types of function to smoothly accomplish the company's goal. We have the top manager, middle manager, and first line manager. The top manager is usually the head of the organization and his right hand is the middle manager, who relay the goal of the company to the first line manager who are divided specifically to certain areas they excel. The first line managers accomplish the task they are given for the good of the company.

Mainly these types of managers have the same functions. They all plan, organize, lead, and control. The top managers plan the goals to be accomplished for a certain period of time. The middle managers supervise the first-line managers in planning the actions to be taken to accomplish the goals of the company. The top manager leads in a sense that he try to set a good example to his subordinates and motivate them to accomplish their jobs. The middle manager makes sure that the planned goal will be accomplished within the time frame set by the company. The first-line managers take charge of their groups in accomplishing their task and try to incorporate each fulfilled tasks with one another to accomplish the goal. The top manager control the group by taking the risk of making decisions if a certain plan did not work the way it should be. The middle manager controls the collaboration of different work group of the first-line managers. The middle manager should motivate his subordinates to give out their best in the task given to them and work hard for it, for the good of the company.

I learned these things in our class, however I'm really not sure if these topics are applicable nowadays. We are asked to interview a manager in an industrial setting to know if the 'Management process' we're learning inside the classroom is accurate with the fast pace life of the industrial setting.Do my essay on What do managers really do? CHEAP !

I interviewed Ms. Josephine S. Bernardo of The Property Forum of the Philippines Incorporated. She graduated from Philippine Christian University with a degree in accountancy and she's now 40 years old. She's the Chief Finance Officer of the said company for years now. She manages the finance department and monitors the sales production of the company.

She was not hired to be a manager before she started working in TPF Philippines. She started as an accounting clerk for years and was promoted after a year to a trust custodian for 1 years for AB Capital Investment Corporation. She had it in her mind to become a manager yet it took her 15 years before she finally became qualified for the job.

She handles the treasury, accounting and finance departments. She's a middle manager therefore she is able to communicate with the top manager and relay the goals of the top manager to her constituents. She handles an average group of employees that she motivates every time a task is given to boost their confidence and be able to accomplish the goal set by the company. She believes in the saying "Money is never a problem." Always think positive and never let your frustrations put you down. She sees to it that her group has the initiative to accomplish the company's goal.

Like all managers, she sometimes gets frustrated with attitude problems of her staff, when they start to lack focus and eagerness to do their job. She tries to encourage them with her saying and influence them positively to accomplish their goals.

She became an effective and efficient manager through the influences of his boss, previous experiences and self-motivation. In relation with her group, she believes that a successful team starts with a well-motivated leader.

She advised me to strive hard and give my best in everything I do. No matter what path I choose it is important to stay grounded and have a positive outlook in life.

In conclusion, though she did not specifically indicated the 4 functions of management, it can be read in her interview that she uses each function to become effective and efficient with her job. The good relationship she established with her team is very important, not only that, her good working relationship with the top manager also counts. After the interview, I realized I wanted to become her, very positive and well-motivated. If ever, I'll become a manager, I would do everything she advised me and apply the things I've learned about the 'Management Process'.

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Conflict Management

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Conflict Management

Conflict management involves resolving negative processes through communication and compromise. Throughout one's life, one establishes many relationships. Some are built upon and become strong and unshakable. Some are broken and left to dissolve. While some are paved slowly and with love, blossoming to become something wonderful, others are blown apart. The pieces are scattered, never to be put back together again. Those relationships vary, from professional to personal. Of course one would always hope that he or she would have great friendships, relationships, but that just does not always work the way we would like it to.

Conflict comes from the following sources within an organization

1.Limited resources

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.Interdependent work activities- Differences in opinion result in conflict because people have differences in perspectives.

.Communication problems- Inadequate channels of communication between opposing parties result in the escalation of conflict. Cultural differences along with poor communication between managers create conflict between employees.

4.Environment of the organization- This is applicable to the creation of an organizational climate in a corporation.

With my job, our resources are very limited, because our office is very small, but we work with the ones we do have. I believe having limited resources is alright with the particular job I do for two reasons. First, I came into the job knowing what resources we have to work with, so it was never a surprise to me. For example, for our students, we do not have a data base and everything is done manually. We are trying to correct some things but for the most part, we have to call our main campus in Chicago and we are in Charleston, South Carolina. Secondly, by working together we can come up with our own resources to make the office run better.

Differences in opinion do not necessarily have to be a bad thing. Yes, it can cause conflict, but there are ways around it. My supervisor and I work together, and if there is a difference of opinion, I will try things her way, but if that way does not work, then we try them my way. Sometimes if my supervisor and I do not agree on certain issues we talk about it and we explain the reasoning for those opinions. By doing this, it opens our eyes to trying new things. Most of the time this way works well because we each bring things to the table that we may not have otherwise thought of by ourselves.

Frequent changes in a firm's environment can also cause conflict. For example, I have a new supervisor and instead of talking about changes and what would make the office run smoother, she just changed everything. Gradual changes are fine, but there was hostility and animosity because of all the changes at one time. Communication is the key to success when working as a team. Even though I have a supervisor, we do the same things at work; we have to work as a team. I work for a college that has an office at the Air Force base, so there are only two of us working in the office, so we have to work together to help our students.

Because I do work in a college, the students are our main focus. There was quite a bit of conflict when I started my job about six months or so. My supervisor at the time was going through some personal issues and left me alone for the first week I was there, this really upset me. What I did not know was he had recently lost his wife of 41 years and was still grieving. Once he talked to me and informed me of his situation, I understood and was willing to work with him. I had to learn quite a bit in a short period of time, but I am a fast learner so it really was not hard for me.

Differences in opinion do not necessarily have to be a bad thing. Yes, it can cause conflict, but there are ways around it. My supervisor and I work together, and if there is a difference of opinion, I will try things her way, but if that way does not work, then we try them my way. Sometimes if my supervisor and I do not agree on certain issues we talk about it and we explain the reasoning for those opinions. By doing this, it opens our eyes to trying new things. Most of the time this way works well because we each bring things to the table that we may not have otherwise thought of by ourselves.

In conclusion, conflict is not always bad and every conflict can be resolved. There are many things, as I explained, that are involved with conflict and managing that conflict. If teams work together and communicate effectively, then many conflicts can actually be prevented, but it takes hard work and a lot of effort.

Please note that this sample paper on Conflict Management is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Conflict Management, we are here to assist you. Your cheap research papers on Conflict Management will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Give anal a chance

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In the horror of the Nazi death camps portrayed in Night, Elie Wiesel and his fellow Jews had to struggle to maintain their "faith in life." This battle that they waged against "icy winds" in camps where "death was all around [them]" was a constant necessity for them to continue to survive. Harsh as it was many Jews failed, and losing their faith in life died; yet many more, like Elie, found the strength to sustain that faith and live on. By sustaining their tenuous links to a makeshift Jewish community within the camps, taking comfort in their religion where possible, and at all costs attempting to keep hope alive, Elie and his colleagues found the strength to endure and shelter what meager faith they still had in life, and to survive.

For the Jews in the death camps of Auschwitz, Buna, Birkenan and Gleiwitz, faith in life was one of the few values the Nazi's could not strip from them. As much as the Nazis attempted to dehumanize the Jews by stripping them of their possessions, identities and lives, a process which for Elie "turned [his] life into one long night." For many their faith in life was still undiminished. On a long forced march, Elie's body begins to succumb to the cold, and yet at the same time "[Elie] felt something inside [him] revolt" against dying. Even then deprived of nutrition and humanity, Elie's primal instinct keeps him alive, providing an unspoken force to drive him onwards, fuelled by an un-named, unjustified desire to live. Such faith in life, an unquestioning faith in the need to simply live and to continue to strive to live even against all odds, burned within every Jew as they fought for their survival by themselves or with others in a world of death.

The intimate bonding between the Jewish community served to assure many Jews of the worth of life. Such community strength was a foundation laid by their culture, their everyday life that linked community and religion inextricably. For many Jews, having lost all else, they could turn to others for comfort, even as Elie did when discussing Yossi and Tibi "dreams of going to Haifa…if granted [their] lives until the liberation". The young Polish head of the block of Elies first camp encouraged the Jews to bond together, speaking "the first human words" as he established his own semi-community within the camps. It was to these in their darkest hour, and find in that humanity the strength to go on. Even for some of those who have lost their religion such as Elie, he could turn to his father or his friend Yossi and Tibi, and in the face of their compassion, re-affirm his faith in life. Moreover, the communities not only provided such humanitarian enforcement of faith in life against the death camps, but in granting structure to an otherwise destructive world, promoted a stronger faint in the capability of life to continue beyond the camps.

This, perhaps, combined with the Jews pervading sense of hope to sustain their faith in life's capability to improve. As Elie "dreams of going to Haifi" with Tibi and Yossi, he has created the subconscious hop that they will be "granted [their] lives until the liberation". Even that statement implied his strong belief and hope that there will be an end to the torment, and the beginning of a new life. Indeed, the entire camp seems rife with hope, as signaling the Jews' attitude towards a future of freedom and relief. This inner hope sustained by the Jews served as a guiding light in their darkest hours, where they could look to the future and hope for an end to the torment even when the "world [was] silent" to their suffering. It is a constant affirmation of their faith in life to those who keep hope itself alive; they keep hope but, in doing so, also their faith in life to reassert itself over death. Within the camps, such hope, and attitude, proved strong enough for many Jews to defiantly stoke the fires of their faith in life and push back the darkness with faith that such darkness was not absolute.

The Jews imprisoned in the Nazi death camps, fought for survival, and in doing so, had to maintain their faith in life and life's capability to re-establish its course. Only then could they find the strength to continue surviving. Not all Jews could do this; many succumbed to a loss of faith, or simply to the conditions of the camp life of ill-weather and ill-treatment. However, for those who did not fall, faith in life was preserved through the sheer will to survive, and the aid of the communities established inside the camps. Perhaps above all, hope drove many Jew's faith that life would improve, and such faith in life, fuelled by hope, preserved long against the death that surrounded the Jews in the camps.

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College Vs high school students

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Education is an important part of everyone's lives. From early age until death people go to school to learn. Even though it may seem like all schools and students are the same, there are many differences. As a recent graduated student from high school, I have observed notable differences between high school and college students.

First of all, high school students differ greatly in age, styles, and interests. In high school, all students are teenagers between the ages fourteen and eighteen, while in college there is a noticeable age difference. For example, in my math class in college some are in their late teens, some range from young married people in their twenties and thirties, to people of my grandparents age.

High school students are very much alike. Their so-called "uniform" consists of jeans, a T-shirt, and tennis shoes. They use the same popular slang, talk about same movies and TV shows, and know the same music artists. College students are much more diverse. Generally, their clothing is more formal because some are dressed for a workplace and not for a typical classroom. Many of the women wear skirts or dresses; the men often wear dress shirts or sweaters. Since the students are much older, they are more comfortable talking about their work schedules, world news or child care rather than what was on TV last night.

College and high school students have very different responsibilities. For high school students, school is the major responsibility. They don't have a choice of going to school. Parents make them go to school. High school students live at home with their parents so they don't have to worry about anything. Some choose to work part-time at a fast food place to have some spending money. But school is the only major responsibility. However, college students lead much more complicated lives. As soon as the teens turn eighteen they want to be independent and take care of themselves so they move out from their parent's house. Therefore, they have responsibilities of paying rent, bills, and working full-time. In addition to school and work adults have to take care of their families and raise children.

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High school and college students definitely have different attitudes towards school. College students are a lot mature because by the time they enter college they have more experience. They take education more seriously for they understand that the more education they have the better their pay will be at a job. They also pay for their college education so they don't want to just throw those extra couple hundred of dollars by not passing the class. On the other hand, high school students often seem more interested in the view out the window or the cute classmate in the next row than in what the instructor is saying. They doze, draw cartoons, look at the watch, whisper, or write notes instead of paying attention to the instructor. College students sit up straight, listen hard, and ask the instructor questions. They obviously are there to learn, and they don't want their time to be wasted.

College students have more homework than high school students do. Instead of doing the work in a two-hour class like in high school, all of the work and studying is done at home. For every hour in class, you have two hours of studying to do on your own time, which of course is limited because of family responsibilities and jobs.

College students have the privilege to enjoy the freedom of walking into a class any time they wish without going through the process of getting a pass at the office. It is also nice to be able to walk out without explaining to a teacher where you're going and when you'll be back.

Despite the differences, both types of students have similar goals that they are striving for. Both need to complete their courses, get a diploma, graduate and move on with their life. We all have a freedom to choose what classes we want depending on our major and interests. Joining a club or playing a sport is also choice students can make. Every school has a set of rules for everyone to follow. If a rule is broken, there are certain consequences or punishment a student faces. Homework is another similarity for both college and high school students. There is also a teacher in every class for all students to listen to and to respect.

College and high school students have lots of differences and few similarities. They are different in the way they dress, talk, interests, amount of homework and responsibilities. College is harder but I prefer college over high school. Even though it may be harder, I know it is worth it.

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Beauracrativ stucture and personality

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This document examines the structure of bureaucracy and attempts to explain why it dysfunctions. Based on secondary sources, Robert K. Merton tries to show that bureaucracy can not be very effective in practice as it creates over-conformity and trained incapacity. The personalities of people clash with the bureaucratic structure and so the ideal bureaucracy can not exist. Merton brings to light the sources of over conformity, so in view of this, another aim of the article would be for us to come up with its possible solution.

Bureaucracy comprises of a formal, rationally organised social structure with a hierarchy and clear-cut divisions governed by rules, to efficiently achieve the goals of an organisation. The formality within the organisation reduces private conflicts and stabilises interactions between different departments.

The bureaucrats are appointed and they command the authority and privileges associated with their office, to carry out specific duties.

Bureaucracies control the bureaucrats by providing the tools by which people need to work and live, which bureaucrats no longer own. Therefore, long tenures of bureaucratic offices is expected regardless of external factors.

For bureaucracy to succeed, discipline of following routines is necessary. However, overstressing the importance of discipline displaces the actual goal, whereby the discipline becomes the end itself rather than the means to the end. This leads to rigidity, or the inability to adapt to changes in reality. Veblen calls this "trained incapacity".

Incentives given by the organisation, for adherence to rules and motivating employees, can be a structural source of over conformity. Employees develop the sense of common destiny by working together, which decreases in-group conflicts. Pride of craft is another source, which resists change.

Relationship with the public is depersonalised in bureaucracy, and individual cases are categorised. This results in conflicts between the client and bureaucrat. The client sees the bureaucrat as representative of the whole organisation regardless of his position in the hierarchy. Within the bureaucratic structure, conflicts occur when differentiation in the performance of employees occur. The failure to conform to the norms, is viewed in disapproving light.

In order to prove that bureaucracy dysfunctions, Merton uses secondary data. He does not conduct any interviews or questionnaires himself, but builds upon other peoples' theories. He uses Veblen's concept of "trained incapacity" and Dewey's notion of "occupational psychosis" to back up his idea that goals are displaced by means.

He uses other people's empirical findings to illustrate this further. For example, Bernt Balchen didn't meet the criteria for American citizenship, due to the fact that he was not deemed to be on American soil even when he was out of the country on an American expedition. This demonstrates that so much importance was placed on the rules that, the end itself was lost.

Merton brings forward the thought that depersonalisation of relationships with the public contributes to trained incapacity. Here again he has built upon a credible theory to put forward his own ideas, so that they can be appreciated!

He defines different sources of over conformity. Sources, which include, incentives given by organisations for adherence to rules, pride of craft, sense of common destiny etc. This is another theoretical finding of the article.

Merton argues that bureaucracy is inherently problematic as it takes people and creates in them "trained incapacity". Its structure produces rigid personalities, which cause it to dysfunction. The goals of the organisation are lost while concentrating on the means. I believe that even though bureaucracy has a few problems, it is still a necessity for organisations to function. As without it, there would be chaos. However, to some extent, I do agree with Robert K. Merton. The human factor in bureaucracies brings about an uncertainty to the outcomes which were intended. Our sentiments govern our actions and take over our rational thinking. We tend to ignore the rule as it gives us a sense of power and resistance. We like to be our own boss. This does not fit the hierarchical structure of bureaucracy and so our personalities clash with this structure.

Rules need to be changed as time goes on. If they are not changed then trained incapacity is created within us. This is another reason why I find that the authors arguments are convincing and the concept of trained incapacity is valid.

Bureaucracy also restricts innovation and new ideas, and so as world markets change, the concept of 'Ideal Bureaucracy'

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Managing in a foreign environment

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Managing from a global perspective requires managers to pay close attention to factors in the external environment which may affect an organizations success. It may be however that factors in the internal environment will also influence success in a global environment. Discuss.

Almost any organisation in the world today, has some kind of vertical hierarchy, where one person (or group of people) is placed higher and endowed with more power that the others. Such a person is the manager. The manager's job is to guide and direct the people below him in the hierarchy (his subordinates) towards a certain objective in order to eventually achieve an organizational goal. Today, more than ever managers find themselves working outside their home country- this is referred to as global management. So how does a manager cope with an increasingly global business environment? And, indeed, in order to succeed in such an environment, what are the challenges faced by the management of corporations today?

Indeed, managing from a global perspective requires managers to acknowledge and understand the factors in the external environment, which may affect an organizations success. As Helms states in the encyclopedia of Management (p41) " the successful global manger must understand many diverse cultural preferences and must be able to communicate this understanding in a positive way". The manager of today must keep in mind the range of backgrounds of the people being managed, and adjust his or her actions accordingly. Thus, the leadership and communication style of the manager have changed to reflect and accommodate the multi-racial constitution of the work force.

To succeed in global environment, it is imperative that mangers posses a geocentric attitude- a world orientated view focusing on using the best approaches and people from around the globe. (Robbins 17) Understanding and awareness of an organizations external environment is extremely important to managers of today. Their external environment can be divided into two segments mega (general) environment and task environment. The mega environment includes three major elements economic, legal-political, and socio-cultural. Being able to deal with these three different environments as well as using the analytical framework makes a competent manager of a foreign environment. Because socio-cultural aspect changes, mangers must monitor trends for new opportunities or threats. Socio-cultural trends mean demand can shift for some product type.

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Some countries have a history of unstable governments. For example, some South American countries have had up to 6 new governments within one year, each one with their own set of rules and goals. Authors Robbins, Bergman, Stag and Coulter ( 001) contend that " mangers need to recognize [the different legal-political environment] if they are to understand the constraints under which they operate and the opportunities that exist." In order to succeed, managers must also make themselves aware of laws on issues such as trade restraints, working conditions, the right of privacy and the right of workers differ between nations.

A global manager faces some economic concerns such as fluctuating currency rates, inflation and diverse tax policies which single country mangers do not. Bergman et al (001) states that " a global firm's profits can alter dramatically depending on the strength of its home currency and the currency of the country in which it operates". For example, the weakening of the Australian dollar in comparison with the New Zealand dollar has affected the New Zealand companies exporting goods to Australia. Managers need to be aware that such a change in currency rates may affect pricing, sales volumes and makes predicting budgets and sales estimates very difficult. Inflation rates make the manager aware of prices needed to be charged for their goods whilst knowledge of the tax system helps mangers minimise their cooperation's tax obligations.

A nation's culture-their quality of life, their belief in individualism (looking out for ones best interest) or collectivism (looking out for each other) has an impact on their work related values and attitudes. Having awareness of the national culture can create communication and increase the co-operations effectiveness. For example, Japan has a collectivistic culture, whereas the USA has an individualistic culture (Hofstede, 180, 11). The differences in national cultures may aid in explaining why organizations of these two nations are characterized as having different perspectives.

Hofstede, G., 180, Cultures Consequences, Sage, Beverly Hills, CA.

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Sino-Soviet Split

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The Sino-Soviet split was an increase in tensions between the China and USSR relations, particularly strong during the late 150s. Salisbury writes, "The Sino-Soviet split [was] the deepest, most serious confrontation yet to arise in the Communist world…", caused primarily by the differences in ideologies of how the two countries viewed communism. They were formed independently of each other, had different attitudes towards imperialist countries, were under different technological circumstances, and ultimately had different approaches towards communist revolutions and ideas. The basic views and understandings of communism that formed in the two countries dissimilar set of circumstances are what eventually led to their disapproving view of each other and each other's beliefs, causing the split. They are both equal in blame.

Firstly, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) came to power without any Soviet assistance. Mao Tse-tung, leader of the CCP, defeated the Kuomintang (KMT) with his communist army and created his own communist revolution. The People's Republic of China in 14 was completely Mao's doing. However Mao realised that China desperately needed economic aid, best accessible through the Soviet Union. Mao and Stalin were not in best terms Mao had defied recommendations from Moscow again and again, and Stalin called the Chinese Revolution "a fake". But the Sino-Soviet Alliance was established, under which the Chinese placed their armed forces at Stalin's service in exchange for Soviet aid and equipment. It seemed appropriate, as China and Russia were natural brother countries, but China did not want to become one of the USSR's controlled satellites with inferior status. In 156, three years after Stalin's death, Nikita Khrushchev, the new Soviet Communist leader, denounced the Stalin regime in what became known as his "secret speech". This offended the Chinese because, in their opinion, it downgraded them through not being informed ahead of time of this major change in international communist policy. This is what really marked the beginning of the Sino-Soviet split.

The second big difference in the two countries ideas was their attitudes towards foreign and, in particular, imperialist countries. During the period of the Alliance, the USSR felt less threatened by imperialism, both internally and externally, and wanted to trade with the West. However, China, which was less established than Russia, felt very intimidated by the prospects of imperialism taking control of the country. For this reason, Mao plainly believed that the United States were not to be trusted, despite President Truman's attempts to make a friendship between China and America. Khrushchev on the other hand was looking to soften the effects of the Cold War and the isolation policy of imperialism, putting aside whatever that meant for the governments and Communist Parties relying on Soviet support. This approach by the Soviet Union was extremely threatening to the Chinese. Not only was the possibility of Chiang Kai-shek's Kuomintang regaining power but also a vast American army building up in Korea and Vietnam. The Chinese economy was especially backward at this time and with the threat of imperialism so close, Mao was obviously not pleased with Khrushchev's actions in this matter.

China and Russia not only had large ideological differences, but were also under different circumstances physically. China was a very backward country and the USSR's economy was excelling. This was Mao's main reason for the treaty between them, as he needed the economic assistance from Russia to get started. However, building up China's economy still wasn't easy. Severe measures were needed to check inflation, restore communications, and re-establish the domestic order necessary for economic development. The USSR always looked down on China as inferior to them for this reason. China disagreed with this idea. Soon after Khrushchev's "secret speech", China began to stress with renewed vitality that Russia had corrupted communism and being too soft in relations with the capitalist world. Accusations between communist parties at this time were "levelled against the leaders of a fraternal party as being 'the biggest revisionists of our time,' who are in 'collusion with U.S. imperialism,' and 'throw wide open the gates for the restoration of capitalism,'" the split was obvious. Affairs worsened and in 160 Russia withdrew all of it's technical advisers from China, refusing to help China develop it's own nuclear weapons. This was interpreted by China as a deliberate hindrance to any industrial progress and an attempt to keep China in an inferior position.

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Another big difference in the approaches the two countries took was that of their revolutions. These were two very different circumstances.

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Double Oppression

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The writings of Harriet Jacobs and Sojourner Truth exemplify that the sufferings of black women were far worst than that of their male counterparts. All slaves were forced to endure the physical and emotional turmoil of bondage, however, for the enslaved woman, race and gender presented a double oppression. Women slaves experienced peculiar wrongs and injustices to which men slaves were not subject. These wrongs included sexual harassment and exploitation, denial of the basic rights and benefits of motherhood, and gender inequalities.

In Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Harriet Jacobs dramatically documents the claim "Slavery is terrible for men; but it is far more terrible for women. Superadded to the burden common to all, they have wrongs, and sufferings, and mortifications peculiarly their own." Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl was a political effort to help other sisters in bondage by exposing the sexual inflictions placed upon slave women. Jacobs fashioned her life story into Linda Brent's first-person account of a heroic slave mother who endured twenty-seven years of slavery. Brent's rational power and strength of personal will helped facilitate her efforts to find strategies for dealing with sexual harassment from her master, maintaining family unity, and for eventually obtaining freedom, both personally and for her children. She devised a plan of action including her choice to have a sexual relationship with a white man, other than her master, to protect herself from further sexual harassment from her owner, Dr. Flint. In doing so, she supported her integrity and moral code by resisting her owner's sexual efforts and choosing who would have access to her body - "It seems less degrading to give one's self, than to submit to compulsion."

Women slaves were also subjected to further cruelty and injustices because they were often denied the basic rights and benefits of motherhood. Women slaves were not allowed a traditional home and could not embrace their children. For at anytime, they could be stripped from their breast and sold. In Ain't I a Woman? Sojourner Truth writes "I have borne thirteen children, and seen them most all sold off to slavery, and when I cried out with my mother's grief, none but Jesus heard me!" This suggests that only Jesus could hear and understand a mother's grief and not even a slave father would experience the same heartache as a mother slave who has had her child/children taken away. Harriet Jacobs' pseudonym Brent gives birth to two children fathered by a white man she calls Mr. Sands, who promises to buy their freedom. Brent later escapes from Dr. Flint and hides at her grandmother's house in a small shed, measuring only nine feet long by seven feet wide. She endures life in a small and dismal hole for nearly seven years, deprived of light and air, and with no space to move her limbs. Year after year, she viewed her children's faces through a small opening, yearning to let them know she was hiding there and to be with them.

Following the partial abolishment of slavery, black men were given some liberties, however, black women continued to endure further injustices. Sojourner Truth's poem Keeping the Thing Going While Things are Stirring addresses the gender inequalities and the beginnings of the black woman suffrage movement. Black men were granted judicial representation, the right to vote, and were paid twice as much as colored women for the doing the same tasks. In the poem, Truth remarks

"There is a great stir about colored men getting their rights,

but not a word about the colored women;

and if colored men get their rights, and not colored women theirs,

you see the colored men will be masters over the women,

and it will be just as bad as it was before."

Truth advocates for equal rights to include not just black men, but also black women. She further asserts that female slaves should be entitled to the same benefits of freedom as their male counterparts, otherwise black women will become enslaved to black men as they were to their previous white masters.

Harriet Jacobs and Sojourner Truth have found their place in history for protesting the abuses perpetrated against slaves. Their writings also extend beyond mere slave narratives and poetry as important feminist documents. The hardships of the black slave women far surpass those of their male counterparts. Both authors illustrate the additional hardships and struggles afflicted upon women slaves. In the poem Ain't I a Woman?, Truth remarks "If the first woman God ever made was strong enough to turn the world upside down all alone, these women together ought to be able to turn it back, and get it right side up again!" Slave women in particular have endured and tried to set the world right side up by seeking freedom and equality for all man, and "woman" - kind.

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The Effect of Rainfall of the Great Lakes

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The Effect of Rainfall of the Great Lakes

Bo Armstrong

James Darin

Mike Hawkins

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Debbie Terakowski

July 15, 00

The Effect of Rainfall of the Great Lakes

The first data source, by Corral in Home Textiles Today (00) points out that diversity may be a key to growth at OWSphinx. The second data source compares customer satisfaction levels for in-store and on-line shopping. Since a key focus is on creating an on-line, interactive web site, it is important to understand what the strengths and weaknesses could be. Focusing on the business-to-business e-commerce is expected to help the company a great deal.

OWSphinx can utilize this data as supporting evidence of a growing market to help them achieve their ultimate goal of increasing sales by at least 5% within the first 10 days of solution implementation.

The first external data source is based on information collected directly from producers and manufacturers and was collected by the U.S Department of Commerce; Claritas, a market research firm headquartered in Alexandria, VA; and import data collected from, U.S. Customs Service, the U.S Census Bureau and the U.S. International Trade Commission. Kay Anderson, Jennifer Marks, Janice Chamberlain and Cecile B. Corral, all contributing staff members of Home Textiles Today, compiled the data. For our examination of central tendency, we will use the percentages of gain or loss of market share as the focus of our investigation of the first external data.

Average Precipitation

YearJan.Feb.Mar.Apr.MayJun.Jul.Aug.Sep.Oct.Nov.Dec.

in..61.761.74.55.5..61.18.4.8.1.67.8

mm88444464747418087756771

Years Charted 0 Source National Weather Service, San Francisco

Results based on data collected from 161 - 10

1.76Column1

1.74

.55Mean.7

.5Standard Error0.17

.Median.86

.61Mode#N/A

.18Standard Deviation0.60

.4Sample Variance0.6

.8Range1.87

.1Minimum1.74

.67Maximum.61

.8Count1

N = 1, Population Mean = .7, Standard deviation = 0.60

Null Hypothesis = .7" rain per month

Alternative Hypothesis is not = .7" rain per month

z Test = (X Pop. Mean)/ (Std. Dev./Sq.root of N) = 0.8

Reject the Null Hypothesis if z 1.6 or -1.6

p-value = .7

BinFrequency

1.

.7

.

More0

For purposes of the data selected for this report, the market segment was a purposive sample meeting 5 specific criteria (1) non-bath, () accent and area rugs () up to 6 by , (4) with price points below $1,000, and (5) sold through the specific retail classes of trade described. The data is measured on a ratio scale, represented by total sales (in millions of dollars) and percent of the market represented by specific groups. The information collected is reflected on annual reports filed by participants and is considered to be quite valid. It also fairly reliable, for the same reason, though a longer time period would better reflect and long-term or unknown factors that may reflect upon the reliability of the data.

To analyze the data above, the chart below illustrates the calculated values for mean, median and mode as descriptions of the central tendencies of this data set.

The histogram bellows illustrates the left skewed, or positive, tendency of the data set relative to the mean value.

As a result of data analysis, OWSphinx should prioritize discount department stores and home improvement centers, as the first customers to benefit from the implementation of the corrective actions. The analysis of the research data also shows where OWSphinx should not focus any corrective actions. In fact, the analysis indicates that OWSphinx should leave the segment of retail rug outlets that include furniture stores, floor covering shops and specialty stores. The analysis of the data showed this segment of the market has realized a 46% reduction in sales volume. The value of utilizing market data, to it's fullest potential, can be a catalyst in assisting OWSphinx in implementing their corrective action plan.

References

Corral, C. B. (00). Tug sales up despite difficult '01. Home Textiles Today.

Retrieved June 14, 00 from http//www.hometextilestoday.com/index.asp?layout=article&webzine=htt&publication=htt&articleid=CA116

Cho, Y. ( 00) The effects of post purchase evaluation factors on on-line vs. in- store customer complaining behavior. Doctoral dissertation, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 00. Retrieved June 16, 00, from http//wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/order_pickup/prod/500e45bbd005716fae66455b6/61485/08416/04648.PDF

Pelosi, M., Sandifer,T., Sekaran, U., (000) Research and evaluation for business. [UOP Special Edition Series] New York Wiley.

Please note that this sample paper on The Effect of Rainfall of the Great Lakes is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on The Effect of Rainfall of the Great Lakes, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on The Effect of Rainfall of the Great Lakes will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Slaves and Metics

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Explain the importance of metics and slaves in ancient athenian society

Slavery was a necessary institution in Athenian society; it was simply a way of life. Slavery played a major role in ancient Greek civilization and slaves could be found everywhere. They were the property of their owners and could be bought and sold at any time in places like markets, where the two great sources of slave supply were the Asian Minor region (Lydia and Phrygia) and the Black Sea region, especially the northern shores, know as Scythia.

Aristotle described them as a "tool that happens to be alive" and a "possession that breathes". They were called "andropada", literally meaning "human feet"

They worked not only as domestic servants, but as factory workers, shopkeepers, mineworkers, farm workers and as ships crewmembers. There may have been as many, if not more, slaves as free people in ancient Greece.

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They were even employed in the Athenian government as clerks, attendants, minor officials or policemen.

Slaves were treated differently in ancient Greece depending upon what their purpose was. If one was a household servant, they had a fairly good situation. They were often treated almost as part of the family. They were even allowed to take part in the family rituals, like the sacrifice. They were always supervised by the woman of the house who was responsible for making sure that all the slaves were kept busy and didnt get out of line. This could be quite a task as most wealthy Greek households had as many as 10-0 slaves. Slaves were involved in the every day lives of the Athenian people. They would accompany married women in rich homes and slaves called pedagogues accompanied boys from rich homes. When a person invited someone for dinner, it was the slave that greeted them.

To the ancient Greeks life without slavery was unthinkable but the general attitude towards them in Athens was racial. They were considered "barbarians" as they were mostly people of foreign lands and a theory of "natural slavery" prevailed, that non Greeks were of naturally inferior race and were therefore created for enslavement and only satisfied with their existence in servitude. Despite this, slaves had a chance of gaining freedom, domestic slaves in daily contact with their masters may have had some intimacy with them and therefore stood a good chance of liberation and those slaves "living apart" might earn enough money to buy their own release. The intimacy that slaves had with their masters can be shown in the description by Xenephon as "fellow workers". During the constructions of the Erechtheum on the Acropolis at the end of the fifth century BC this was particularly apparent where from fragments of wage accounts it can be seen that all the workers were paid an identical amount regardless of status.

Once liberated, slaves became full human beings in Greek eyes. They were potentially no longer kinless and children born to them prior freedom were often retained in slavery whilst those born after were free. Aristophanes portrays slaves as having free speech towards their masters and Demosthenes states that Athenian slaves had greater rights of free speech than the free citizens of other states.

Slaves did much of the work that allowed Athens to prosper in a period of enlightenment as many of the achievements of Athens is owed to slavery which gave all Athenians time to fulfill cultural and political pursuits.

Metics were another distinct group who contributed to Athenian society. They were non Athenians who generally found Athens more appealing than their homeland. They were voluntary immigrants who contributed greatly to Athenian prosperity. Metics undertook much of the city industry where they ran industrial and commercial operations.

Even though they could not own property and were not citizens, they could hold jobs for property owners.

Metics or resident aliens with their involvement in various businesses were very important to the Athenian economy. Even though they were not and could not become citizens, they still had to serve in the military and pay a poll-tax. They, however, could not participate in the political life of Athens.

Metics usually were lower-class tradesmen or craftsmen. Although some metics families eventually gained wealth, the vast majority of the metics remained second-class inhabitants of Athens, even though they performed some of the polis most activities, such as military service and trade. They were often employed on more menial, but nevertheless vital, tasks - including trireme building, rowing and maintenance. Metics were usually Greeks from other city-states and could achieve a high level of social status. They were most commonly engaged in banking, commerce and the skilled crafts in the great Athenian port of Piraeus. One of the greatest honors for a metic was the "Athens Citizenship Award".

Athens use of outside talents from metics was important in its ability to thrive.

Please note that this sample paper on Slaves and Metics is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Slaves and Metics, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Slaves and Metics will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Ethical consideration

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Ethics in Managerial Decisions

Tim Slack

LDR50Do my essay on Ethical consideration CHEAP !

Damon Walsh

October 1, 00

Ethics in Managerial Decisions

For these reasons, and because business can be a powerful agent of positive social change we offer the following principles as a foundation for dialogue and action by business leaders in search of business responsibility. In so doing we affirm the necessity for moral values in business decision making; without them, stable business relationships and a sustainable world community are impossible.(Hartman,161)

I was struck by that last statement 'without them, stable business relationships and sustainable world community are impossible'. With out ethics business is impossible.

Now in the context of the above quote, the author was referring to the Caux Principles, a guiding set of ethical considerations that any business in our current world market will ignore at their peril. Now that sound a little extreme, but it is not; this is precisely what ethics are all about, teaching us long term strategies that help us survive.

If you live in a tribal or village community, where you could only depend upon neighbors and family, you might develop an ethic that personally, governmentally, and economically, would justify actions that we in our Western global economy would consider abhorrent.

This is what has happened in Iraq. Saddam, coming from a small village where any actions were justifiable if the family prospered, finds himself today living his tribal ethic, in a situation where it has lost its relevance to a stable society. Only his Bath party hold government employment, he is promoting sons and family to every position of power. He has already killed his son in laws and two uncles, he knows his family is not trustworthy, but because of his tribal ethic he trusts everyone else even less. Saddam is living a 1th century ethic at the dawn of the 1st. In a world where Saddam's tribe was one of several holding very little power, it might have been the optimal long term survival ethic, but it doesn't work today. Because he has kept his tribal ethic, he has justified killing his own people, starving the country, attacking his neighbors, and pillaging when ever he calculated he could get away with it (Brinkley). While Saddam has an ethic, it is a bad one for his people and for his governments continued survival.

Managers need to develop a good business ethic. Every manager has an ethic, it might be based on 'do what ever it takes' it might be based on the Caux Principles, perhaps upon a personal ethical standard, or a religious code, but there will be an ethic. Decision making is not arbitrary, nobody makes choices by throwing darts. So the choice for managers is not 'Do ethics play a part?' but rather what ethic is best for the long term success of the company.

Returning to the Caux Principles, we see that there are several principles a modern business has to consider when developing an ethic that will support the company's survival. The Caux principles give managers seven general considerations and six stakeholder consideration, that every manager and senior executive should consider when developing there ethical base. The relative importance of each of these considerations, will change with different businesses, depending upon their market, their position, and the core espoused values of the enterprise. It is the differences in relative importance that often differentiates one business from another, give companies their individuality. It is these differentiations that good leadership provides, and good managers keep prioritized. A large multinational corporation might consider Support for Free Trade a higher consideration than they respect for the employee stakeholder, but ignoring the employee stakeholder can not be considered a good long term strategy.

This makes good ethics sound like nothing more than a business strategy, a long term plan for developing a world where your business can best survive. Or as Baudelaire said. " For the businessman even ethics are a financial speculation."

References

Brinkley, Doug, 'Tales of a Tyrant' Atlantic Monthly May 00

Baudelaire, Charles. My Heart Laid Bare (published in Intimate Journals, sct. 7, 1887; tr. by Christopher Isherwood, 10; rev. by Don Bachardy, 18)

Hartman, Laura. Perspectives in Business Ethics Irwin McGraw-Hill. Buenos Aires.001

Perlee, Christian. Organization Leadership and Change Management; McGraw-

Hill, 001

References

Brinkley, Doug, 'Tales of a Tyrant' Atlantic Monthly May 00

Baudelaire, Charles. My Heart Laid Bare (published in Intimate Journals, sct. 7, 1887; tr. by Christopher Isherwood, 10; rev. by Don Bachardy, 18)

Hartman, Laura. Perspectives in Business Ethics Irwin McGraw-Hill. Buenos Aires.001

Perlee, Christian. Organization Leadership and Change Management; McGraw-

Hill, 001

Please note that this sample paper on Ethical consideration is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Ethical consideration, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Ethical consideration will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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19Th Century Romanticism in Europe

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Romanticism began in the early 1th century and radically changed the way people perceived themselves and the state of nature around them. Unlike Classicism, which stood for order and established the foundation for architecture, literature, painting and music, Romanticism allowed people to get away from the constricted, rational views of life and concentrate on an emotional and sentimental side of humanity. This not only influenced political doctrines and ideology, but was also a sharp contrast from ideas and harmony featured during the Enlightenment. The Romantic era grew alongside the Enlightenment, but concentrated on human diversity and looking at life in a new way. It was the combination of modern Science and Classicism that gave birth to Romanticism and introduced a new outlook on life that embraced emotion before rationality. Romanticism was a reactionary period of history when its seeds became planted in poetry, artwork and literature. The Romantics turned to the poet before the scientist to harbor their convictions (they found that the orderly, mechanistic universe that the Science thrived under was too narrow-minded, systematic and downright heartless in terms of feeling or emotional thought) and it was men such as Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in Germany who wrote The Sorrows of Young Werther which epitomized what Romanticism stood for. His character expressed feelings from the heart and gave way to a new trend ofexpressing emotions through individuality as opposed to collectivism. In England, there was a resurgence into Shakespearean drama since many Romantics believed that Shakespeare had not been fully appreciated during the 18th century. His style of drama and expression had been downplayed and ignored by the Enlightenments narrow classical view of drama. Friedrich von Schlegel and Samuel Taylorleridge (from Germany and England respectively) were two critics of literature who believed that because of the Enlightenments suppression of individual emotion as being free and imaginative, Shakespeare who have never written his material in the 1th century as opposed to the 18th century. The perception that the Enlightenment was destroying the natural human soul and substituting it with the mechanical, artificial heart was becoming prevalent across Europe. The Lyrical Ballads, published in 178, was a series of poems that examined the beauty of nature and explored the actions of people in natural settings. Written by William Woodsworth, this form of poetry was free, expressive and without constraint as evident by this passageIf this belief from heaven be sent, If such be Natures holy plan,Have I not reason to lament, What man has made of man?Such passages from his work indicates that poetry and literature was also used as a form of rebellion or distaste for political institutions or social conditions during the 1th century. However, since most poets thrived on the emotional and irrational abstract that they were writing about, there was no specific category that this mode of thinking could fall into. This was a strength since the freedom to explore nature was infinite and without any restriction based on rules, law or doctrine. This invariably led to a re-introduction into religion and mysticism; people wanted to explore the unknown. The Genius of Christianity, written by Rene de Chateaubriand, offered a contrast to Science. He found Christianity to be the most poetic,most human, the most conducive to freedom, to arts and literature... of all the religions and deduced that Science was lacking this element which could benefit mankind. The middle ages were regarded as a creative period when humans lived close to the soil and were unblemished with the effects of industrialization or urbanization. Romanticism began to show the people that the Enlightenment had overstayed its welcome by leading the people to a future that offered a vision of mankind as being part of a group rather than an individual. G. W. F. Hegel, a German philosopher, rejected the rational philosophy of the 18th century because he believed in Idealism. This involved looking at life in terms of the importance of ideas, not thought the narrow tunnel of materialism and wealth. By advocating Idealism, Hegel concluded that mankind could be led by his spirit, his soul, rather than the establishment or the status quo. Although Romanticism was perhaps conservative in nature, every participant of this swift and silent movement could relish in his own free and glorious vision of nature. Romanticism was not a political movement or a reformist package offered by a group of dissidents; Romanticism was a time when mankind could restructure his outlook on life so that he was able to reach new heights of intellectual and political awareness. In the process of doing so, he found answers to practical problems by simply using his heart and searching his soul.

Please note that this sample paper on 19th Century Romanticism in Europe is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on 19th Century Romanticism in Europe, we are here to assist you. Your cheap college papers on 19th Century Romanticism in Europe will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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